Evaluation of impairment of hand function

Swanson, Alfred B.; Hagert, Carl-Göran; Swanson, Genevieve deGroot

doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(83)80253-6

Cited by 76 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Of particular importance is our ability to apply forces produced at the thumb-tip to grasp, hold, and manipulate objects as the thumb is required for 40% of hand function (Swanson, 1964). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap between cadaveric and in vivo experiments: A biomechanical model evaluating thumb-tip endpoint forces

Wohlman

Murray

2013

Journal of Biomechanics

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The thumb is required for a majority of tasks of daily living. Biomechanical modeling is a valuable tool, with the potential to help us bridge the gap between our understanding of the mechanical actions of individual thumb muscles, derived from anatomical cadaveric experiments, and our understanding of how force is produced by the coordination of all of the thumb muscles, derived from studies involving human subjects. However, current biomechanical models do not replicate muscle force production at the thumb-tip. We hypothesized that accurate representations of the axes of rotation of the thumb joints were necessary to simulate the magnitude of endpoint forces produced by human subjects. We augmented a musculoskeletal model with axes of rotation derived from experimental measurements (Holzbaur et al., 2005) by defining muscle–tendon paths and maximum isometric force-generating capacity for the five intrinsic muscles. We then evaluated if this augmented model replicated a broad range of experimental data from the literature and identified which parameters most influenced model performance. The simulated endpoint forces generated by the combined action of all thumb muscles in our model yielded comparable forces in magnitude to those produced by nonimpaired subjects. A series of 8 sets of Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that the difference in the axes of rotation of the thumb joints between studies best explains the improved performance of our model relative to previous work. In addition, we demonstrate that the endpoint forces produced by individual muscles cannot be replicated with existing experimental data describing muscle moment arms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap between cadaveric and in vivo experiments: A biomechanical model evaluating thumb-tip endpoint forces

Wohlman

Murray

2013

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…The 2 nd digit contributes more than the 5 th digit during static grip [12], gripping an object with varying force levels [13], and during different gripping tasks [10]. Amputation of the 2 nd digit results in a greater loss of overall hand function in relation to the 5 th digit [20]. Further, the cortical representation of the 2 nd digit may be larger than the 5 th digit [11], potentially because of its greater involvement in hand control [10], [12], [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Short-Latency Afferent Inhibition Depends on Digit and Task-Relevance

et al. 2014

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Short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) occurs when a single transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse delivered over the primary motor cortex is preceded by peripheral electrical nerve stimulation at a short inter-stimulus interval (∼20–28 ms). SAI has been extensively examined at rest, but few studies have examined how this circuit functions in the context of performing a motor task and if this circuit may contribute to surround inhibition. The present study investigated SAI in a muscle involved versus uninvolved in a motor task and specifically during three pre-movement phases; two movement preparation phases between a “warning” and “go” cue and one movement initiation phase between a “go” cue and EMG onset. SAI was tested in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles in twelve individuals. In a second experiment, the origin of SAI modulation was investigated by measuring H-reflex amplitudes from FDI and ADM during the motor task. The data indicate that changes in SAI occurred predominantly in the movement initiation phase during which SAI modulation depended on the specific digit involved. Specifically, the greatest reduction in SAI occurred when FDI was involved in the task. In contrast, these effects were not present in ADM. Changes in SAI were primarily mediated via supraspinal mechanisms during movement preparation, while both supraspinal and spinal mechanisms contributed to SAI reduction during movement initiation.

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“…Previous authors have described the functional impairment that follows amputations in the hand. 5,6 While younger patients may better adapt and regain function, the significance of serious hand injuries and amputations in young people cannot be disputed. Aside from functional impairment, it has been suggested that children with hand injuries resulting in permanent deformities become more shy and reserved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand Trauma in Shop Class

Beavis¹,

Classen²

2006

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics

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The environment and equipment used in shop class are potential sources of serious injury. There has been little published to date on injuries sustained in shop class, with no reports examining injuries to the hand. The authors report a case series collected from a health records database at a pediatric and hand surgery referral center. Fifteen patients who sustained injuries to their wrist or hand in shop class were identified. Sixty percent of the injuries were caused by table saws. Eighty percent required treatment from a hand surgeon. Sixty-seven percent of patients sustained a serious injury in the form of amputation or tendon or neurovascular injury. Most of the patients had functional deficits at final follow-up. Shop class is a setting where serious hand trauma can occur. School administrators and educators should direct efforts at preventing these injuries. Parents and students must recognize the risks associated with shop class. Physicians should be prepared for severe injuries and the frequent need for hand surgical consultation.

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Evaluation of impairment of hand function

Cited by 76 publications

References 8 publications

Bridging the gap between cadaveric and in vivo experiments: A biomechanical model evaluating thumb-tip endpoint forces

Bridging the gap between cadaveric and in vivo experiments: A biomechanical model evaluating thumb-tip endpoint forces

Modulation of Short-Latency Afferent Inhibition Depends on Digit and Task-Relevance

Hand Trauma in Shop Class

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