Evaluation of immune responses by live infectious bursal disease vaccines to avoid vaccination failures

Jakka, Padmaja; Reddy, Y. Krishnamohan; Kirubaharan, J. John; Chandran, N. D. J.

doi:10.1556/eujmi.4.2014.2.5

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Till date, the best way to protect chickens is through vaccination with less virulent strains; however, vvIBDVs may cause clinical disease despite administration of vaccines. Some investigators showed that birds vaccinated against IBD are likely to succumb to the virus than unvaccinated flocks (Jakka et al 2014). Apart from this immunological twist, the problem of IBD in Nigerian poultry also depends on several intrinsic factors related to husbandry practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evidence for very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in vaccinated chickens in Nigeria

Owolodun

Yakubu

Jambol

et al. 2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and partial sequencing of the VP2 hypervariable region was performed on clinical samples from two infectious bursal disease (IBD) outbreaks in Plateau state, Nigeria. IBD virus RNA was detected in all four bursa of Fabricius samples. Nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the four samples revealed high similarity to previous IBDV sequences from northern and southern Nigeria. The deduced amino acid sequences were compared to reference IBDV strains retrieved from the GenBank; virulence markers A222, I256, and I294 were conserved in both outbreak and reference sequences. Amino acid residue S254 was conserved in the outbreak viruses and previous viruses from northern Nigeria. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all four viruses were very virulent IBDVs. These viruses clustered with vv2-1 variant viruses from Oyo and Ogun states and less closely with vv2-2 isolates from Tanzania. The nucleotide identity of the sequences in this study ranged from 99.6 to 100 % with each other. These findings are further evidence of IBD outbreaks in vaccinated chicken flocks in Nigeria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evidence for very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in vaccinated chickens in Nigeria

Owolodun

Yakubu

Jambol

et al. 2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…IBDV primarily impairs the humoral immune response which is followed by sever immunosupression due to down regulation of T cells and macrophages which leads to an increased susceptibility to other pathogens (2,4,8). IBD vaccination program including priming with a live attenuated followed by boosting with an inactivated vaccine is used for vaccinating parent stocks (13,17). A careful selection of virus strains with a sensitive method of determining virulence is important when establishing a live virus vaccine (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Characterization and Standardization of New Infectious Bursal Disease Virus for Development of a Live Vaccine

et al. 2013

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Background and Aims: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute contagious viral disease of birds worldwide. The causative virus induces a persistent immune suppression following destroy B lymphocytes precursors in bursal lymphoid follicles. Vaccination is the main strategy for prevention of the disease in commercial poultry industry. Materials and Methods:To produce a live vaccine against the disease, an new virus strain was isolated from the affected bursa of Fabricius. Diagnostic serological tests, histopathology and molecular examinations were done for pathotyping the isolate. Results:The results indicated that the virus is a new strain and named IBD07IR. In case of developing live IBD vaccine, the bacteriology, purity, titration, reversion to virulence, bursabody index, immunosupression and efficacy tests were performed on the candidate vaccine virus seed. The live vaccine was produced following propagation of the IBDV seed in SPF embryonated eggs. The proper dose of the vaccine was found by administration of SPF chicken groups. Afterward, the laboratory trial was scaled and the clinical trials were done three times with different administration routs. Conclusion: According to serological assays and challenge, the developed live IBD vaccine induces an adequate immunity in both SPF and commercial chickens and had no adverse effects.

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“…Thymus at 4 days post-inoculation: (j) virus-free control; cortical atrophy in ITA-IBDV (k) and G1a (l) birds [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] immune response against the virus itself is not affected; this seems to be a paradox as there is immunosuppression with respect to other antigens. Different mechanisms could be involved that selectively stimulate the proliferation of the B cells committed to anti-IBDV antibody production (Jakka, Reddy, Kirubaharan, & Chandran, 2014;Withers, Young, & Davison, 2005).…”

Section: Ta B L E 1 Histological Lesion Scores Of the Experimental Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative in vivo pathogenicity study of an ITA genotype isolate (G6) of infectious bursal disease virus

Lupini

Felice

Silveira

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Recently, a new genotype of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), named ITA, was detected in IBD‐vaccinated Italian broilers. Genome characterization revealed ITA to be a genetically different IBDV, belonging to genogroup 6 according to a recently proposed IBDV classification. The currently available clinical data do not allow any definition of the degree of pathogenicity of the ITA‐IBDV isolates. In the present study, a pathogenicity trial was conducted by the oral inoculation of specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) chickens. Birds were housed in poultry isolators and inoculated at 35 days of age with an ITA‐IBDV isolate (35 birds) or a strain belonging to the G1a genogroup as a comparison (35 birds). Control birds (25 birds) were contextually mock‐inoculated with sterile water. Birds were observed daily for clinical signs and at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post‐inoculation (dpi) were bled for IBDV antibody detection. At 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 dpi, five birds from each of the inoculated groups, and three from the control group, were euthanized and subjected to a post‐mortem examination; the bursa:body weight and thymus:body weight ratios were calculated. Microscopic lesions of the bursa and thymus were scored on the basis of lymphoid necrosis and/or depletion or cortex atrophy, respectively. Both viruses induced a subclinical course of disease, as neither clinical signs nor mortality were recorded during the study, even in the presence of typical IBDV gross and microscopic lesions. Bursal damage, measured by the bursa:body weight ratio, was more noticeable and precocious after ITA‐IBDV inoculation. Histopathology scores of the bursa, indicative of rapid lymphoid depletion, confirmed the aggressiveness of the ITA‐IBDV strain in this organ. This study showed that, although the ITA‐IBDV strain tested causes infection with a subclinical course, it induces severe damage to lymphoid tissues. Therefore, its circulation in birds might be a threat for the poultry industry and may jeopardize the success of the production cycle.

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Evaluation of immune responses by live infectious bursal disease vaccines to avoid vaccination failures

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Further evidence for very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in vaccinated chickens in Nigeria

Further evidence for very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in vaccinated chickens in Nigeria

Isolation, Characterization and Standardization of New Infectious Bursal Disease Virus for Development of a Live Vaccine

Comparative in vivo pathogenicity study of an ITA genotype isolate (G6) of infectious bursal disease virus

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