Evaluation ofLactobacillus plantarumas a water additive on host associated microflora, growth, feed efficiency and immune response of giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii(de Man, 1879)

Abstract

A 90‐day experiment was conducted by rearing 1020 prawn juveniles (0.54 ± 0.03 g) in water supplemented with three different concentrations of probiotic bacteria viz. T1 (107 cfu L−1), T2 (108 cfu L−1), T3 (109 cfu L−1) and the control (C) (unsupplemented water), to evaluate probiotic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum. In the present study, the growth parameters (WG%, SGR) and feed utilization parameters (FCR, PER) significantly improved (P < 0.05) in T3. The growth and feed utilization parameters though improved marginally in T1 and T2, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05) compared to the control. The gastro‐intestinal Lactobacillus sp. count increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all the treatment groups, whereas the decrease in harmful bacteria was significant (P < 0.05) in T3 compared to the control. Similarly, the Lactobacillus sp. count in culture water increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all the experimental groups, whereas the decrease in harmful bacteria was significant (P < 0.05) in T2 and T3. The immune parameters (THC, PO and RB activity) and clearance efficiency significantly improved (P < 0.05) in T3 with concurrent decrease (P < 0.05) in cumulative mortality against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. However, water quality did not improved (P > 0.05) in any of the treatment groups. The results indicate that Lactobacillus plantarum at a minimum concentration of 109 cfu L−1 could be used as water additive to confer its probiotic effect in prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Moreover, future studies with higher probiotic concentrations should be conducted for its efficient commercial scale field application.

Effects of dietary Bacillus pumilus on growth performance, innate immunity and digestive enzymes of giant freshwater prawns ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii )

“…A significant increase in immune indices caused by dietary B. pumilus was also reported in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)(Srisapoome & Areechon, 2017) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)(Truong Thy et al, 2017).Hemocytes play a vital role in phagocytosis, nodule formation, encapsulation, hemocyte clumping, production of microbicidal compounds, mediation of cytotoxicity and so on(Johansson, Keyser, Sritunyalucksana, & Söderhäll, 2000;Smith, Brown, & Hauton, 2003), all of which have been proven to be an important part of the innate immunity of crustaceans. THC was not affected by dietary B. pumilus in the present study, which was not consistent with the results found inDash et al (2016), in which the THC of M. rosenbergii was increased by L. plantarum doses of 1 × 10 8 and 1 × 10 9 CFU/g diet.However, other indices associated with hemocytes, for example phagocytic activities, RBs activity and immune enzyme activity, were all enhanced by dietary B. pumilus. The modulation of phagocytic activity is considered a prompt and vital effect of dietary probiotics on the immune function of crustaceans (Irianto & Austin, 2002).…”

“…However, the increased activity of amylase and protease in the dietary B. pumilus groups may have led to higher digestion and absorption of nutrients(Ziaei- Nejad et al, 2006), then the growth performance of M. rosenbergii may have been improved. Furthermore, studies in zebra fish, Danio rerio, demonstrated that some probiotics, for example Lactobacillus rhamnosus, could modulate the transcription of genes related to the differentiation and maturation of some tissues, thereby enhancing the growth of the animals(Avella et al, 2012;Gioacchini et al, 2011;Maradonna et al, 2013).The immune indices, including phagocytic activities and RBs activity, and the enzyme activity of PO, CAT, ACP and NOS were all significantly higher in all dietary B. pumilus groups than in the control group, and a higher survival rate was induced by dietary B. pumilus.Similar results have been observed in M. rosenbergii fed with other probiotics, such as Vibrio NE17(Rahiman, Jesmi, Thomas, & Hatha, 2010), Bacillus licheniformis(Kumar et al, 2013) and L. plantarum(Dash et al, 2016). A significant increase in immune indices caused by dietary B. pumilus was also reported in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)(Srisapoome & Areechon, 2017) and striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)(Truong Thy et al, 2017).Hemocytes play a vital role in phagocytosis, nodule formation, encapsulation, hemocyte clumping, production of microbicidal compounds, mediation of cytotoxicity and so on(Johansson, Keyser, Sritunyalucksana, & Söderhäll, 2000;Smith, Brown, & Hauton, 2003), all of which have been proven to be an important part of the innate immunity of crustaceans.…”

A review of the use of probiotics in freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium sp.) culture in biofloc systems

“…Some authors have stated the effective concentration to obtain the best results in growth, survival, as well as in the prawn's immune response. In this sense, Dash et al (2016) evaluated the growth, food efficiency, biochemical composition, and response to three different concentrations (1×10 7 , 1×10 8 , 1×10 9 CFU L -1 ) of a probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum). They found that they were significantly higher than in control (without probiotic).…”

Growth Promoting Potential and Colonization Ability of Probiotics (Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis) on the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post-Larvae

“…in M. rosenbergii [47]. The probiotics play an important role in healthy maintenance gut micro lora of the host, which prevents colonization of harmful bacteria and stimulates the immune system [48][49][50][51].…”