Evaluation ofAgave lechuguillaby‐product crude extract as a feed additive for juvenile shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Agave lechuguilla is a succulent plant species, mainly distributed in the northeast of Mexico and south of the United States of America. The main use for this plant is the fibre´s extraction (known as Tampico fibres), resulting in 15% of fibres and 85% of a by‐product waste named guishe. The lechuguilla collectors, normally incinerate the guishe, thus causing environmental contamination. Interestingly, recent studies showed that guishe contains molecules with nutritional properties, such as saponins, flavonoids and sugars. Therefore, in this work, we evaluated the effect of the crude extract of guishe as a feed additive in whiteleg shrimp diets. According to that, MS‐HPLC analysis of the extract showed the presence of saponins such as diosgenin, smilagenin, hecogenin, manogenin, tigogenin hexose, yucagenin, chlorogenin, diosgenin diglucoside and the flavonol, quercetin. After chemical analysis, the crude extract was included into an experimental diet in four levels; 0% (L0%), 0.1% (L0.1%), 0.3% (L0.3%) and 0.6% (L0.6%). Dietary incorporation of the extract was evaluated by zootechnical performance, haemolymph biochemistry, histomorphology and digestive enzyme activity of shrimps. After 5‐week feeding, the L0.3% diet showed significantly higher growth and better feed utilization among treatments. A significant increase in tubule epithelium height and tubule coverage area from hepatopancreas in shrimp under L0.3% diet compared with the control diet suggest an improvement of the health and nutritional status of the shrimp. Inclusion of L0.3% and L0.6% of the crude extract resulted in a reduction in amylase activity, without effect in glucose levels in the haemolymph. Thus, we suggest that lechuguilla guishe crude extract contains nutritional molecules that may be used as a feed additive to promote shrimp productivity.

Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Guishe Extract from Agave lechuguilla, a Mexican Plant with Biotechnological Potential, on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats

“…We also assayed the nitric oxide values, obtained with the Griess reagent and nitrosylation profile by western blot (anti 3-nitrotyrosine), in isolated kidney mitochondria, and no significant differences were observed between the groups (data not shown). Crude extracts from lyophilized guishe were analyzed by Peña-Rodriguez et al, 2020 [11], identifying numerous bioactive phytochemicals, such as saponins and flavonoids. We suggest that they are responsible, alone or in combination, for various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and hypolipidemic, because their chemical analysis revealed the presence of chlorogenin, diosgenin, diosgenin diglucoside, esmilagenin, hecogenin, manogenin, tigogenin hexose, yucagenin, and flavonols, such as quercetin.…”

“…Nowadays, their juice is used industrially for beverages and food additives [10]. Particularly, Agave lechuguilla is mainly distributed in the northeast of Mexico and is mainly used to extract fibers, resulting in 15% fibers and 85% of a byproduct waste named guishe [11]. Guishe is a bagasse left after fiber extraction; it is a vegetal pulp without any use.…”

High Throughput Profiling of Flavonoid Abundance in Agave lechuguilla Residue-Valorizing under Explored Mexican Plant

“…The lechuguilla is also considered for uses in construction [ 18 , 19 ], soil and water decontamination [ 20 , 21 ], and bio-based polymers [ 22 ]. Likewise, other industrial fields, such as agricultural production [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], animal feed additives [ 27 ], agroindustry [ 28 , 29 ], nutraceuticals [ 30 ], and pharmacology [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] are interested in A. lechuguilla , especially for its active ingredients. Among the bioactive compounds of interest, Almaraz-Abarca et al [ 36 ] reported the presence of phenolic acid derivatives, flavonols, dihydroflavonoids, and glycoside flavonoids in the leaf extracts of A. lechuguilla .…”

“…Focusing on the characterization of phytochemicals in A. lechuguilla agro-residue, our research group identified 53 compounds among the flavonols, anthocyanidins, flavanones, and isoflavonoids, with a significant abundance of their glycoside derivatives [ 39 ]. Moreover, the crude extract of the lechuguilla residue, tested as a bioactive ingredient for farmed shrimps, showed health benefits that were attributed to its saponin and flavonol content [ 27 ]. These previous results support the valorization proposal of this constantly produced agro-residue.…”

Effect of dietary complex Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities in tissues and expression of genes involved in the digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes and bacterial challenge in Litopenaeus vannamei

“…The effects of oral administration of enrofloxacin (ENR) and San‐Huang‐San (SHS), singly or in combination, on the survival performance, disease resistance and immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated (Zhai & Li, 2019). Pena‐Rodriguez et al (2020) evaluated the effect of Agave lechuguilla extract as a feed additive for L. vannamei . In the present study, complex Chinese herb medicine (the main ingredients were Codonopsis pilosula , Schisandra chinensis , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Eucommia ulmoides , Bupleurum chinense , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Ligusticum chuanxiong and Lotus corniculatus ) was fed to shrimps to explore its effect on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immunity and metabolism and Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance of L. vannamei .…”