Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Emulsification and Heavy Metal Detoxification Potentials of Sophorolipid Biosurfactants Produced from Waste Substrates using Yeast and Mushroom.
Abstract:Insolubility challenges have reduced the efficiency and rate of environmental bioremediation of hydrophobic pollutants occurring in hydrocarbons, soil and water environments. As biosurfactants, sophorolipids possess the unique capacity of activity at the interface of immiscible liquids or solid-liquid phases, thus reducing surface and interfacial tensions through emulsification, dispersion, foaming and wetting, with advantages of stability, ecological acceptability and ability to be produced from renewable and… Show more
“…Recently, [ 34 ] tested vegetable oil (olive oil) which had a comparable index value for soybean oil. The results obtained for the motor oil emulsification index (E 24 = 37.5%) was lower than C. bombicola SLs in which they recorded 60.7 and 46.9% for used and unconsumed motor oil, respectively [ 41 ]. Fig.…”
Brief introduction
Mucormycosis disease, which has recently expanded with the Covid 19 pandemic in many countries, endangers patients' lives, and treatment with common drugs is fraught with unfavorable side effects.
Aim and objectives
This study deals with the economic production of sophorolipids (SLs) from different eight fungal isolates strains utilizing potato peels waste (PPW) and frying oil waste (FOW). Then investigate their effect against mucormycetes fungi.
Results
The screening of the isolates for SLs production revealed the highest yield (39 g/100 g substrate) with most efficiency was related to a yeast that have been identified genetically as Candida parapsilosis. Moreover, the characterizations studies of the produced SLs by FTIR, 1H NMR and LC–MS/MS proved the existence of both acidic and lactonic forms, while their surface activity was confirmed by the surface tension (ST) assessment. The SLs production was optimized utilizing Box-Behnken design resulting in the amelioration of yield by 30% (55.3 g/100 g substrate) and ST by 20.8% (38mN/m) with constant level of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 125 mg/L. The studies also revealed the high affinity toward soybean oil (E24 = 50%), in addition to maintaining the emulsions stability against broad range of pH (4–10) and temperature (10–100℃). Furthermore, the antifungal activity against Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus microsporus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum proved a high inhibition efficiency of the produced SLs.
Conclusion
The findings demonstrated the potential application of the SLs produced economically from agricultural waste as an effective and safer alternative for the treatment of infection caused by black fungus.
“…Recently, [ 34 ] tested vegetable oil (olive oil) which had a comparable index value for soybean oil. The results obtained for the motor oil emulsification index (E 24 = 37.5%) was lower than C. bombicola SLs in which they recorded 60.7 and 46.9% for used and unconsumed motor oil, respectively [ 41 ]. Fig.…”
Brief introduction
Mucormycosis disease, which has recently expanded with the Covid 19 pandemic in many countries, endangers patients' lives, and treatment with common drugs is fraught with unfavorable side effects.
Aim and objectives
This study deals with the economic production of sophorolipids (SLs) from different eight fungal isolates strains utilizing potato peels waste (PPW) and frying oil waste (FOW). Then investigate their effect against mucormycetes fungi.
Results
The screening of the isolates for SLs production revealed the highest yield (39 g/100 g substrate) with most efficiency was related to a yeast that have been identified genetically as Candida parapsilosis. Moreover, the characterizations studies of the produced SLs by FTIR, 1H NMR and LC–MS/MS proved the existence of both acidic and lactonic forms, while their surface activity was confirmed by the surface tension (ST) assessment. The SLs production was optimized utilizing Box-Behnken design resulting in the amelioration of yield by 30% (55.3 g/100 g substrate) and ST by 20.8% (38mN/m) with constant level of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 125 mg/L. The studies also revealed the high affinity toward soybean oil (E24 = 50%), in addition to maintaining the emulsions stability against broad range of pH (4–10) and temperature (10–100℃). Furthermore, the antifungal activity against Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus microsporus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum proved a high inhibition efficiency of the produced SLs.
Conclusion
The findings demonstrated the potential application of the SLs produced economically from agricultural waste as an effective and safer alternative for the treatment of infection caused by black fungus.
“…In addition, sophorolipids are able to dissolve and emulsify hydrophobic contaminants (diesel, motor oil, grease, kerosene and crude oil), remove heavy metals (mercury, zinc, lead, chromium, cadmium, iron and copper), as well as pesticides in the aqueous phase [53][54][55].…”
Surfactants are widely used in many areas of our life. However, synthetic surfactants have a serious negative impact on the environment. They do not decompose well and can accumulate in ecosystems. Microbial biosurfactants can be an alternative to synthetic surfactants. They are characterized by a diverse structure, stable at critical temperatures, pH and can be obtained from various renewable raw materials. Goal: analysis and generalization of the available information on the main characteristics and features of the synthesis of surface-active substances of microbial origin. Results. The article describes the structure of the most important groups of biosurfactants of microbial origin, such as rhamnolipids, trehalolipids, and sophorolipids. The main producers of biosurfactants, as well as the areas of their application were characterized. Information about the main ways of their biosynthesis is discussed. Special attention in the review is paid to factors that are essential for the cultivation of microorganisms - the main producers of biosurfactants.
“…BSs have a unique ability to emulsify hydrocarbons, thus enhancing their solubility and reducing the surface tension and increasing the biodegradation of oil in aquatic and land environments [121]. The emulsifying activity is determined by the molecular weight of the BSs.…”
Section: Emulsification and De-emulsificationmentioning
Biosurfactants are a microbially synthesized alternative to synthetic surfactants, one of the most important bulk chemicals. Some yeast species are proven to be exceptional biosurfactant producers, while others are emerging producers. A set of factors affects the type, amount, and properties of the biosurfactant produced, as well as the environmental impact and costs of biosurfactant’s production. Exploring waste cooking oil as a substrate for biosurfactants’ production serves as an effective cost-cutting strategy, yet it has some limitations. This review explores the existing knowledge on utilizing waste cooking oil as a feedstock to produce glycolipid biosurfactants by yeast. The review focuses specifically on the differences created by using raw cooking oil or waste cooking oil as the substrate on the ability of various yeast species to synthesize sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, and other glycolipids and the substrate’s impact on the composition, properties, and limitations in the application of biosurfactants.
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