Evaluation of hybrid
            <scp>solar‐wind‐hydrogen</scp>
            energy system based on methanol electrolyzer

Budak, Yağmur; Devrim, Yılser

doi:10.1002/er.5642

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Having the two main components of solar radiation, direct and diffuse, and using the above relations, we are able to calculate the total radiation on a tilted panel 32 . The output power of the PV panel at time t ( P pv, t ) can be calculated as follows:

P_{pv, t} = P_{r, pv} ((), \frac{I_{t}}{I_{ref}}) ([], 1 + N_{T} ((), T_{c, t} - T_{ref})),

where P r ,pv is the PV rated power, I t is the solar radiation on the panel (W/m 2 ), I ref is the solar radiation at reference conditions (1000 W/m 2 ), N T is the temperature coefficient of PV panel (3.5 × 10 −3 1/°C), T ref is the cell temperature at reference conditions, and T c , t is the cell temperature at time t (°C) which can be calculated as follows:

T_{c, t} = T_{air, t} + ([], \frac{NOCT - 20}{800}) I_{t},

where T air is the ambient air temperature (°C), and NOCT is the normal operating celltemperature (°C) 15,35,36 . NOCT is the cell temperature at the condition in which the solar radiation flux is 800 W/m 2 , the ambient temperature is 20°C, the average wind speed is 1 m/s, and the electrical load is zero (open circuit).…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic optimization of solar‐wind hybrid system connected to electrical battery or hydrogen as an energy storage system

Shams

Ahmadi

2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Nowadays, due to the pollution arising from the consumption of fossil fuels, destructive effects of pollutants on humans and the environment, and the reduction of reserves of these energy resources, the tendency to utilize renewable energy to meet energy needs has increased. In this investigation, first, a grid‐connected photovoltaic‐wind‐battery (PWB) hybrid system for an educational building is designed and optimized by implementing a genetic algorithm in MATLAB. The main goal is to minimize the annual total cost (ATC) and find the optimal sizes. The balance between the high costs of renewable electricity generation and the setting up a renewable system is achieved by applying the renewable energy fraction (fRE). In the second part, a photovoltaic‐wind‐fuel cell (PWF) hybrid system is designed and optimized in the same approach. A novel techno‐economic‐environmental comparison is performed to select the battery bank or hydrogen system as energy storage. Considering the environmental penalties, the effect of the environmental cost on the optimal sizes of components and annual total costs is investigated. Owing to the low tariff of the grid electricity as well as the high cost of the renewable systems, results confirms that the use of renewable systems is not cost‐effective. Also, if the authorities and householders intend to implement a storage system to store electricity, battery bank is less expensive than fuel cell system. To apply scenarios to increase renewable energy penetration, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis on the ATCs and optimal sizes is conducted technically and economically. Highlights Designing, optimizing, and comparing of PWB and PWF systems are investigated GA in MATLAB is implemented to determine optimal sizes and minimum ATCs A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is performed on the ATCs and optimal sizes The installing of the hybrid systems with the current tariffs is not cost effective Superiority of the battery bank over the hydrogen system in residential storage

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P_{pv, t} = P_{r, pv} ((), \frac{I_{t}}{I_{ref}}) ([], 1 + N_{T} ((), T_{c, t} - T_{ref})),

T_{c, t} = T_{air, t} + ([], \frac{NOCT - 20}{800}) I_{t},

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic optimization of solar‐wind hybrid system connected to electrical battery or hydrogen as an energy storage system

Shams

Ahmadi

2021

Int J Energy Res

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“…The need for renewable energy systems has gained attention due to the global warming issue, the nearly exhausted fossil fuels, and the increased energy demand 1 . A transition from the conventional energy system toward the sustainable and renewable energy system is therefore in the operation in many countries over the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for renewable energy systems has gained attention due to the global warming issue, the nearly exhausted fossil fuels, and the increased energy demand. 1 A transition from the conventional energy system toward the sustainable and renewable energy system is therefore in the operation in many countries over the world. As one of the most potential energy carriers, hydrogen energy has drawn the attention in the recent decade due to the high gravimetric energy density of kWh/kg 4,2 sustainability, 3 non-pollution, 4 wide distribution and production means, 5 and easy conversion into electrical, thermal, or mechanical energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modelling and design of the ionic liquid compressor for the hydrogen refuelling station

Guo

Wang

Liu³

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The ionic liquid compressor is regarded as the most promising compression technology for the hydrogen refuelling station due to the combined application of ionic liquid and the hydraulic driving system. However, the design, mathematical and experimental investigations of the ionic compressor are still absent from the open literature. This paper proposed a new structure design and the design methodology of the ionic liquid compressor. The mathematical modelling considering the valve dynamics was provided for simulating the thermodynamic process, which was verified by the experimental data. The results showed that the delayed closing of the discharge valve would take place due to a high or low stiffness of the valve. The increase in the stiffness alleviated the rebound issue of the suction valve. An increase in the stroke to diameter ratio could solve the rebound issue of the discharge valve. A low or high trajectory coefficient would cause an intense rebound during the closing procedure of the discharge valve. The designed results of the main parameters of the compressor based on the simulation were the suction valve stiffness of 100 N/m, the discharge valve stiffness of 500 N/m, the stroke to diameter ratio of 1.0, and the trajectory coefficient of 0.125 under the given design condition.

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“…In addition, an electrolyzer unit can be integrated with another power source system in various applications such as stationary, portable, and transportation to provide reliable energy supplies over a long period. For example, an electrolyzer can be used in conjunction with other power generation such as solar and wind turbine during the intermittent period to provide energy to the system on a continuous condition 23,24 . In addition, electrolyzers can alleviate the problem of some power generation systems that only run for a limited amount of time, such as wind turbines that only work when it is windy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of alkaline solid polymer membrane in the application of AEM electrolyzer: Materials and characterization

Zakaria

Kamarudin

2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Electrochemical water splitting is one of the practical systems for green hydrogen production. This hydrogen processing is sustainable by the use of a water electrolysis cell known as an electrolyzer. In recent decades, the alkaline electrolyzer and the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer have entered the advanced commercial level for the hydrogen processing industry. Unfortunately, both techniques have many crucial issues, such as the handling of hydrogen, large structure, and expensive materials needed during the construction of the cell. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers have been recommended to address the worst of previous electrolyzer types due to the ability to use non‐platinum and non‐Nafion membrane materials, high hydrogen storage density, and the ability to build compact micro‐cells on a large cell scale. A solid polymer alkaline membrane is a key component that influences the efficiency of the AEM electrolyzer, which reacts as an anion exchange membrane (AEM membrane). AEM membrane serves as an anode and cathode separator, ion transfer pathway, and electron flow barriers. This review paper explores polymeric materials and the characterization of an alkaline solid polymeric membrane used in an AEM electrolyzer. Several polymeric membranes that have been investigated by researchers for this application have been discussed. Critical characterizations such as ion exchange capability, ionic conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, and cell performance durability are comprehensively addressed to guide future research and development in an alkaline solid polymeric membrane for application in an AEM electrolyzer. Highlights An overview of materials and characterization assessment of alkaline solid polymeric membrane in AEM electrolyzer is discussed. The progress of polymeric materials for alkaline solid polymeric membrane modification in the AEM electrolyzer is presented. Critical characterization of the alkaline solid polymeric membrane is described, including the ion exchange capacity, ionic conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, and durability of cell performance.

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Evaluation of hybrid solar‐wind‐hydrogen energy system based on methanol electrolyzer

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Dynamic optimization of solar‐wind hybrid system connected to electrical battery or hydrogen as an energy storage system

Dynamic optimization of solar‐wind hybrid system connected to electrical battery or hydrogen as an energy storage system

Mathematical modelling and design of the ionic liquid compressor for the hydrogen refuelling station

A review of alkaline solid polymer membrane in the application of AEM electrolyzer: Materials and characterization

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