Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid Dilutions at Different Concentrations Using a Quartz Crystal Resonator (QCR) for the Potential Diagnosis of Arthritic Diseases

Ahumada, Luis Armando Carvajal; González, Marco Xavier Rivera; Sandoval, Oscar Leonardo Herrera; Olmedo, José Javier Serrano

doi:10.3390/s16111959

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Differentiation of OA aSF is difficult due to the uncertainties of the data measured. The viscosities of aSF obtained with the sensors are similar to those obtained in a previous study [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In Reference [ 27 ], a method is shown to determine density and viscosity separately by measuring droplets of various fluids. A previous study of viscosity measurements with Hyaluronic Acid (HA) was performed in our laboratory, and the results are shown in Reference [ 28 ]. Since QCRs have been used to measure fluids viscosity and need a very small volume of sample to work with, they are good candidates for the new prototype and associated methodology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscosity Measurement Sensor: A Prototype for a Novel Medical Diagnostic Method Based on Quartz Crystal Resonator

Miranda-Martínez

González

Zeinoun

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Viscosity variation in human fluids, such as Synovial Fluid (SF) or Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), can be used as a diagnostic factor; however, the sample volume obtained for analysis is usually small, making it difficult to measure its viscosity. On the other hand, Quartz Crystal Resonators (QCR) have been used widely in sensing applications due to their accuracy, cost, and size. This work provides the design and validation of a new viscosity measurement system based on quartz crystal resonators for low volume fluids, leading to the development of a sensor called “ViSQCT” as a prototype for a new medical diagnostic tool. The proposed method is based on measuring the resonance frequency at the crystal’s maximum conductance point through a frequency sweep, where crystals with 10 MHz fundamental resonance frequency were used. For validation purposes, artificial fluids were developed to simulate SFs and CFs in healthy and pathological conditions as experiment phantoms. A commercial QCR based system was also used for validation since its methodology differs from ours. A conventional rotational viscometer was used as a reference for calibration purposes. ViSQCT demonstrates the capability to measure the sample’s viscosity differentiation between healthy and pathological fluid phantoms and shows that it can be used as a basis for a diagnostic method of several pathologies related to the studied biological fluids. However, some performance differences between both QCR-based systems compared to the reference system deserves further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity Measurement Sensor: A Prototype for a Novel Medical Diagnostic Method Based on Quartz Crystal Resonator

Miranda-Martínez

González

Zeinoun

et al. 2021

Sensors

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show abstract

“…The interaction with the fluid is, in this case, a non-negligible mechanical load (with both dissipative and conservative characteristics) that causes very large frequency shifts (up to hundreds of ppms). Due to this fact, some sensing systems exploit the dependency of the modal frequency of the quartz on the characteristics of the surrounding fluid to obtain viscosity measurements [14,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Measurement System for the Simultaneous Evaluation of Frequency Shift and Series Resistance of QCM in Liquid

Fort

Panzardi

Vignoli

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In this paper, a novel measurement system based on Quartz Crystal Microbalances is presented. The proposed solution was conceived specifically to overcome the measurement problems related to Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) applications in dielectric liquids where the Q-factor of the resonant system is severely reduced with respect to in-gas applications. The QCM is placed in a Meacham oscillator embedding an amplifier with adjustable gain, an automatic strategy for gain tuning allows for maintaining the oscillator frequency close to the series resonance frequency of the quartz, which is related in a simple way with the physical parameters of interest. The proposed system can be used to monitor simultaneously both the series resonant frequency and the equivalent electromechanical resistance of the quartz. The feasibility and the performance of the proposed method are proven by means of measurements obtained with a prototype based on a 10-MHz AT-cut quartz.

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“…All systems have been developed by the coworker team, and all technical details for the measurement system and methods to obtain the changes in the admittance curve (f s and Γ) are described in [11,12]. Figure 5(a) shows the current QCR prototype system.…”

Section: Crystals and The Holdermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sensor is capable of operating as a microviscometer knowing the density of the liquid to be analyzed [11][12][13][14][15]. Samples at different "levels of adulteration" have been used to get results that confirm the difference between an original alcoholic drink and adulterated one with methanol in different concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Useful Piezoelectric Sensor to Detect False Liquor in Samples with Different Degrees of Adulteration

et al. 2018

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The main objective of this article is to demonstrate by experimental measurements the capability of the quartz crystal resonator (QCR) to characterize samples of liquor at different concentrations of adulteration with methanol, classify them according to their viscosity, and identify how to use this capability as a potential detection of fake liquor. According to the literature, the fake liquor is a common problem detected in several countries across the globe. The current strategy to detect the fake liquor is based on a piezoelectric biosensor that permits the classification of the samples according to its viscosity. The viscosity is a useful variable to determinate the degree of adulteration in the liquor samples because the viscosity value between ethanol (straight liquor) and methanol (most common fake liquor) is very different.

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Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid Dilutions at Different Concentrations Using a Quartz Crystal Resonator (QCR) for the Potential Diagnosis of Arthritic Diseases

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Viscosity Measurement Sensor: A Prototype for a Novel Medical Diagnostic Method Based on Quartz Crystal Resonator

Viscosity Measurement Sensor: A Prototype for a Novel Medical Diagnostic Method Based on Quartz Crystal Resonator

An Adaptive Measurement System for the Simultaneous Evaluation of Frequency Shift and Series Resistance of QCM in Liquid

Useful Piezoelectric Sensor to Detect False Liquor in Samples with Different Degrees of Adulteration

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