Evaluation of Human Body Fluids for the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections

Badiee, Parisa

doi:10.1155/2013/698325

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The control of the infection source and early initiation of treatment with effective systemic antifungal therapy, usually before the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis is confirmed, is crucial for successfully treating invasive candidiasis [ 141 , 167 ]. Source control refers to removing the infection source, such as removing contaminated intravascular catheters, drainage of peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, or abscesses [ 12 , 168 ]. To successfully treat the infection, it is sometimes necessary to remove infected prosthetic devices, such as a pacemaker, an artificial joint, or other prosthetic devices, if possible [ 169 ].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestations Of Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection

Talapko

Juzbašić

Matijević³

et al. 2021

JoF

302

238

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Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus that colonizes the oropharyngeal cavity, gastrointestinal and vaginal tract, and healthy individuals’ skin. In 50% of the population, C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the microbiota. The various clinical manifestations of Candida species range from localized, superficial mucocutaneous disorders to invasive diseases that involve multiple organ systems and are life-threatening. From systemic and local to hereditary and environmental, diverse factors lead to disturbances in Candida’s normal homeostasis, resulting in a transition from normal flora to pathogenic and opportunistic infections. The transition in the pathophysiology of the onset and progression of infection is also influenced by Candida’s virulence traits that lead to the development of candidiasis. Oral candidiasis has a wide range of clinical manifestations, divided into primary and secondary candidiasis. The main supply of C. albicans in the body is located in the gastrointestinal tract, and the development of infections occurs due to dysbiosis of the residential microbiota, immune dysfunction, and damage to the muco-intestinal barrier. The presence of C. albicans in the blood is associated with candidemia–invasive Candida infections. The commensal relationship exists as long as there is a balance between the host immune system and the virulence factors of C. albicans. This paper presents the virulence traits of Candida albicans and clinical manifestations of specific candidiasis.

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Section: Clinical Manifestations Of Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection

Talapko

Juzbašić

Matijević³

et al. 2021

JoF

302

238

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“…Sterile body sites are those in which no bacteria or microbes exist as commensals when in a healthy state. This can be either pathological agents or contaminants from the skin in intensive care units [1]. Body fluids like ascitic, pleural, synovial fluids, cerebrospinal, and hydrocele are frequently received samples in the microbiology laboratory for culture in suspected infections [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Isolates and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Sterile Body Fluids from Tertiary Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A Four-Year Retrospective Study

Tsegay

Hailesilassie

Hailekiros

et al. 2019

Journal of Pathogens

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This study was conducted in Ayder comprehensive specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia, to determine the bacterial profiles and drug susceptibility pattern from body fluids. A total of 218 patients were investigated, of which 146 (67%) were males. The age of the study subjects ranged from 2 days to 80 years with 96(44%) in the age group of 15 years and above. The overall bacterial infection was 44 (20.2 %) of which gram positive bacteria were prevalent, 23 (52.3%) than gram negative bacteria 21 (47.7%). The predominantly isolated bacteria were S. pneumonia, followed by K.pneumoniae, S. aureus, and E coli. Multidrug resistance was observed in 12 (100%) of the isolated gram positive bacteria and in 6 (75%) of the isolated gram negative bacteria.

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“…In this study, criteria such as the presence of budding yeast cells, pseudohyphae, or true hyphae in direct examination and/or significant growth of pure creamy mucoid colonies on culture media were considered as positive results for Candida isolation from the respiratory tract. 17,18 BAL Galactomannan (GM) Test Platelia Aspergillus GM EIA (Bio-Rad, France) was used to measure the galactomannan of Lavage samples according to the manufacturer procedures. 13 Briefly, 300 μL of BAL was added to 100 μL of treatment solution, boiled for three minutes at 104 • C and then centrifuged for 10 minutes in 10,000 g. Next, 50 μL of supernatant and 50 μL of conjugate were mixed and incubated in microtiter plates precoated with monoclonal antibody EB-A2 for 90 minutes at 37 • C. The plates were washed five times; after which they were incubated with 200 μL of tetramethylbenzidine in the dark for 30 minutes.…”

Section: Methods Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Fungal Isolates of the Respiratory Tract in Symptomatic Patients Hospitalized in Pulmonary Units: A Mycological and Molecular Epidemiologic Study</p>

Rafat¹,

Hashemi²,

Ashrafi³

et al. 2020

JMDH

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Introduction: Fungal respiratory infections are being recognized with increasing frequency in parallel with an expanding population of immunocompromised patients. In most cases, colonization is the first step in the progression to pulmonary fungal infection. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution of fungal elements in the respiratory tract of symptomatic patients hospitalized in pulmonary units. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of two years, from October 2017 to October 2019 in Guilan province, located in Iran's northern region. In the current study, bronchoalveolar lavage or sputum specimens were collected. All samples were analyzed by direct microscopy using KOH 10% and culture. Fungal identification was accomplished by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin sequencing. Also, in patients suspected of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, BAL specimens were tested for galactomannan (GM) antigen. Results: A total of 384 lung specimens (192 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 192 sputum samples) were obtained from symptomatic patients hospitalized in pulmonary units. Of these, 137 (35.67%) were positive in direct examination and culture. Among the 137 positive cases, most isolates were from male patients 86 (62.77%) and most of them were between 46 and 72 years. Candida albicans (37.22%) and Candida tropicalis (21.89%) represent the two most commonly isolated species in the current study. Cough (94.16%), dyspnea (81.02%), purulent sputum (62.04%) and weight loss (56.2%) were the predominant symptoms and tuberculosis (24.81%), chemotherapy (21.89%) and diabetes mellitus (19.70%) were the predominant underlying conditions. Also, 5 cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and 1 case of mucormycosis were diagnosed. Conclusion: Candida albicans was the most common fungal species isolated from symptomatic patients hospitalized in pulmonary units. Tuberculosis, chemotherapy and diabetes mellitus were important underlying conditions for pulmonary fungal colonization and/or infection.

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Evaluation of Human Body Fluids for the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Candida albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection

Candida albicans—The Virulence Factors and Clinical Manifestations of Infection

Bacterial Isolates and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Sterile Body Fluids from Tertiary Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A Four-Year Retrospective Study

<p>Fungal Isolates of the Respiratory Tract in Symptomatic Patients Hospitalized in Pulmonary Units: A Mycological and Molecular Epidemiologic Study</p>

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