Evaluation of Hemotoxic, Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Potential of Profenofos-based Insecticide in Freshwater Labeo rohita Fish at Low Concentrations

Abstract

Profenofos, an organophosphate, is a major pollutant that pollutes freshwater bodies, causing significant impacts on fish health. Objective: Present study was performed to assess the toxicological impacts of pesticide profenofos on hematological, biochemical and histological alterations in different organs of Labeo rohita. Methods: Fish were divided in three groups. Group one was treated as control while second and third groups were exposed to 0.6 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L profenofos respectively for 28 days. Results: Results revealed that MCV, MCHC, MCH, RDW-SD, PCT, PDW, HGB, RBC and HCT levels were significantly reduced. WBC, RDW, PLT, MPV, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils were increased as compared to pesticide free group. Biochemical results showed significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, albumin, A/G ratio, HDL T3, T4, blood glucose, creatinine and urea levels were documented while levels of LDL, VLDL, ALT, total proteins, globulin, TSH and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased significantly in exposed fish. Furthermore, histological changes in kidney, gills and liver of fish showed degenerative effects after exposure to profenofos in both concentrations. Conclusions: The present study concluded that profenofos resulted in widespread toxic effects on aquatic organisms specially fish.