Evaluation of Hemodialyzer Performance

Cheung, Alfred K.; Leypoldt, John K.

doi:10.1111/j.1525-139x.1998.tb00316.x

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Cheung and Leypoldt [66] previously reported that the K o A of a dialyzer will increase with increasing blood and dialysate flow rates. This is because a decrease in the thickness of a stagnant fluid layer could reduce the resistance for urea to transfer.…”

Section: Flux and Efficiency Of Dialyzermentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Review of Commercial Developments and Recent Laboratory Research of Dialyzers and Membranes for Hemodialysis Application

Said

Lau

et al. 2021

Membranes

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Dialyzers have been commercially used for hemodialysis application since the 1950s, but progress in improving their efficiencies has never stopped over the decades. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review on the commercial developments and recent laboratory research of dialyzers for hemodialysis application and to discuss the technical aspects of dialyzer development, including hollow fiber membrane materials, dialyzer design, sterilization processes and flow simulation. The technical challenges of dialyzers are also highlighted in this review, which discusses the research areas that need to be prioritized to further improve the properties of dialyzers, such as flux, biocompatibility, flow distribution and urea clearance rate. We hope this review article can provide insights to researchers in developing/designing an ideal dialyzer that can bring the best hemodialysis treatment outcomes to kidney disease patients.

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Section: Flux and Efficiency Of Dialyzermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The typical criteria used to evaluate dialyzer transport include the K UF and the clearances of small-and middle-molecule toxins. The K UF is important when using dialysis machines that do not provide an automatic volumetric control, and it partly determines the amount of back filtration across the dialysis membrane [66].…”

Section: In Vitro Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Commercial Developments and Recent Laboratory Research of Dialyzers and Membranes for Hemodialysis Application

Said

Lau

et al. 2021

Membranes

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“…1 These factors cannot be measured directly and are commonly combined in the experimentally determined global mass transfer area coefficient (KoA) which represents the theoretical maximal diffusive clearance of a given solute at infinite blood and dialysate flow rates for a specific dialyzer. 2,3 The KoA is typically provided for urea and can be calculated for creatinine, phosphate, vitamin B12, and, sometimes, beta-2-microglobulin, from clearance of these molecules provided in the dialyzer datasheet. The diffusion coefficient (D), on which KoA depends, is determined by the Stokes-Einstein equation 4 ;…”

Section: Diffusion Versus Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is proportional to the effective area of exchange (the effective cross‐sectional area of membrane pores capable of admitting the solute) and a solute‐specific diffusion coefficient 1 . These factors cannot be measured directly and are commonly combined in the experimentally determined global mass transfer area coefficient (KoA) which represents the theoretical maximal diffusive clearance of a given solute at infinite blood and dialysate flow rates for a specific dialyzer 2,3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic physics of hemodiafiltration

Pstras

Ronco

Tattersall

2022

Seminars in Dialysis

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Standard high-flux hemodialysis (HD) clears urea very efficiently but is less efficient at clearing uremic toxins with larger molecule size, which diffuse more slowly. Hemodiafiltration (HDF) provides much higher convection rates, thereby reliably increasing the clearance of these larger toxins. However, the high ultrafiltration volumes employed by HDF significantly increase the concentration of proteins and lipids in the dialyzer blood compartment. This has the effect of increasing plasma viscosity, which opposes solute diffusion, and increasing plasma oncotic pressure, which opposes convection. The negatively charged plasma proteins also influence the equilibration of ions between dialysate and blood compartments. These effects result in varying conditions for solute transport along the length of the dialyzer and along the radial distance from the membrane within the dialyzer fibers. High-flux dialyzers can be designed to augment solute diffusion and internal filtration, so that their performance approaches that of HDF. This avoids some of the mechanical complexity of HDF, but such enhanced dialyzers may be more difficult to manufacture, control and monitor. Here, we present and discuss the most important physical phenomena associated with HDF therapy, providing an overview of its main concepts and principles.In particular, we discuss the physics of solute diffusion and convection and the factors affecting them, and we compare predilution or postdilution HDF with enhanced HD.

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Hemodialysis and Hemofiltration

Cheung¹

2009

Primer on Kidney Diseases

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Evaluation of Hemodialyzer Performance

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

A Review of Commercial Developments and Recent Laboratory Research of Dialyzers and Membranes for Hemodialysis Application

A Review of Commercial Developments and Recent Laboratory Research of Dialyzers and Membranes for Hemodialysis Application

Basic physics of hemodiafiltration

Hemodialysis and Hemofiltration

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