Evaluation of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula by an ultrasound duplex system composed of doppler flowmeter and B-mode colour scanner.

2011 update Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Guidelines of Vascular Access Construction and Repair for Chronic Hemodialysis

“…In Japan, the method most reported for the measurement of access blood flow is the Doppler method: a blood flow of 500–1000 mL/min denoting favorable access function , with a borderline at 500 mL/min for dysfunctional accesses .…”