Evaluation of hematological parameters in pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Apart from the lungs, tuberculosis also affects the bone marrow. There are significant hematological abnormalities that occur in association with tuberculosis. So we can use these hematological parameters as a marker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy. Aims: To evaluate the hematological parameters in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods and Materials: A total of 70 diagnosed tuberculosis patients and 70 healthy controls were selected by purposive sampling in this study. About 4 ml of venous blood was collected with proper aseptic precaution. 2 ml ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) tube blood was used for hematological analysis by using Siemens Advia 2120i 5-part hematology analyzer. Rest 2 ml blood was used for measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by Wintrobe’s method. Results: The hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and blood indices values were significantly lower compared to healthy controls in both sexes. White blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, and ESR values were significantly increased in tuberculosis patients as compared to healthy controls and were found to be statistically significant ( P -value < 0.05). Conclusions: To measure hematological parameters in tuberculosis is a simple and cost-effective method to predict the course of the disease and monitor complications in developing countries like India.

Hematological profiles of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Western Kenya

“…12 In India, Shah et al reported a proportion of males at 64% among studied subjects. 13 These previous findings altogether agree with our documented finding on male predominance in this study. However, our study is in contrast to a study by Abdelkareem et al in Egypt, where the number of female PTB participants were higher compared to males.…”

“…In India, Shah et al reported normocytic normochromic anemia in 40% of PTB patients while Abdelkareem et al in Egypt reported 37% for the same. 13,14 The proportion of microcytic hypochromic anemia in this study was significantly lower when compared to proportions reported by Abdelkareem et al in Egypt at 55% and Shafee et al in Pakistan at 52%. 14,21 Conversely, Ongwae et al reported a proportion that was substantially lower for microcytic hypochromic at 20% in Kenya.…”

“…Higher prevalence rates of thrombocytosis among PTB patients have previously been reported in India and Ethiopia. 13,19,29 Taken together, these findings indicate that thrombocytosis is a common PTB-associated hematological abnormality. Notably, pro-inflammatory interterleukin-6, which is increased during PTB is a key promoter of megakaryopoiesis.…”

“…However, the exact mechanisms through which PTB causes suppressed RBC counts and anemia remains to be elucidated in future studies, so as to inform targeted therapeutic Nevertheless, the high prevalence of anemia recorded among newly diagnosed PTB patients in this study and several other studies warrant screening, management and routine monitoring of anemia as part of standard care for PTB in western Kenya. 9,[11][12][13][14][15] This is because anemia is considered major risk factor for TB-related severity and mortality. 28 Rohini et al showed that thrombocytopenia is the predominant platelet anomaly among PTB patients in India.…”

Assessment of Haematological Parameters in Drug-Resistant TB

“…Improving results of treatment, life quality and survival of patients all rely on hematological marker-based infection surveillance and control like tuberculosis. These haematological results can aid in attracting the attention of specialists and primary care support staff quickly, which is crucial for the early diagnosis of alterations in TB patients [6]. Despite gradual declines in both incidence and mortality rates, There are an estimated 10 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) per year, leading to an estimated 1.2 million fatalities [7].…”