Evaluation of Hematological, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Profile in Cattle Infected with Brucellosis in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Brucellosis is a well-known and harmful zoonotic disease that poses a severe threat to public health and wild and dairy animals. Due to a lack of monitoring and awareness, disease incidence has increased. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time to ascertain the status of seroprevalence of brucellosis, hematological, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes in different breeds of cattle reared under tropical-desert conditions in Pakistan. This study comprised 570 cattle of different breeds. We recorded some epidemiological traits, including age and gender. The blood samples were obtained from all the cattle, screened with RBPT, and then confirmed by ELISA and PCR. The results recorded an overall 11.75%, 10.7%, and 9.64% prevalence of brucellosis based on RBPT, ELISA, and PCR. We obtained nonsignificant results in different age and sex groups of cattle. The results showed significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) lower values of erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin quantity, hematocrit, lymphocytes, and monocytes in infected cases. The results showed that the total leukocyte and neutrophil cells significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) increased. The lipid peroxidation parameters (MDA- and NO-scavenging activity of erythrocyte) increased significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) in infected cattle, whereas significantly reduced antioxidant enzymes like SOD, RGSH, and CAT were. Similarly, significantly lower serum albumin levels and total serum proteins were recorded in infected cattle.

Nuclear and Morphological Alterations in Erythrocytes, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Genetic Disparities Induced by Brackish Water in Mrigal Carp (Cirrhinus mrigala)

“…Furthermore, different studies have observed different morphological and nuclear alterations in erythrocytes of various species of fish (Cyprinus carpio and Labeo rohita) and other avian species in response to oxidative stress [30,51,52,[57][58][59][60][61]. The increase lipid peroxidation product causes increased permeability and decreased symmetry of the membrane of red blood cells resulting in increased osmotic fragility and abnormalities in the surface of erythrocytes [20,23].…”

“…The increased frequency of DNA damage in multiple tissues of Mrigal fish might be due to increase production of free radicals leading to oxidative stress. Furthermore, genotoxic effects can be primarily linked to oxidative stress [17,62,81] and lipid peroxidation which might be the source genotoxicity [20][21][22][23]. Various previous reports have indicated that the production of free radicals along with oxidative stress are the primary causes of genotoxicity in different tissues of animals [31,32,59,60,66].…”

“…It is recorded that the monitoring and determination of hematological profile of fish is of vital, useful, and reliable tool for the estimation of different pathological ailments induced by various environmental pollutants both in aquatic and terrestrial animals. In addition, studies have highlighted that determination of variations in different biochemical profile including enzymes and proteins is of vital importance to assess the physiological ailments in aquatic organisms [17,[20][21][22][23]. The red blood cells of fish and other animals are directly exposed to different environmental contaminants when they enter into the blood and are reliable biomarkers for the early screening of pathophysiological effects employed by all kind of drugs and other pollutants [18,[20][21][22][23].…”

“…In addition, studies have highlighted that determination of variations in different biochemical profile including enzymes and proteins is of vital importance to assess the physiological ailments in aquatic organisms [17,[20][21][22][23]. The red blood cells of fish and other animals are directly exposed to different environmental contaminants when they enter into the blood and are reliable biomarkers for the early screening of pathophysiological effects employed by all kind of drugs and other pollutants [18,[20][21][22][23]. The toxic effects induced by various pollutants can induce physiological stress leading to induction of different genotoxic abnormalities and development of morphological nuclear changes in erythrocytes of exposed aquatic animals [17,24].…”

Impact of Intestinal and Urinary Tracts Obstruction on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Dromedary Camels

“…The oxidative stress (OS) occurs in animals because of stressful activities such as transport, exercise and intensive management (Kirschvink et al 2002;Tharwat and El-Deeb 2021) or disease conditions such as trypanosomiasis (Hussain et al 2018;(El-Bahr and El-Deeb 2016), brucellosis (Hussain et al 2022), babesiosis (Bhutta et al 2022), etc. Heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, an impaired antioxidant system, or the two in combination can lead to OS.…”