Evaluation of hemato-immunological parameters and stress indicators of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in different C/N ratio of biofloc system

Abstract

In spite of various advantages of biofloc technology in aquaculture, few studies have focused on the health status of fish in biofloc system. In this survey, the effect of cane molasses as a carbon source of biofloc system on hemato-immunological parameters, antioxidant status, and stress indicators of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated. Four hundred and twenty juvenile common carp (40.2 ± 5.76 g) were randomly divided into four equal groups in triplicates as follows: groups A, B, and C were reared in biofloc system with molasses as a carbon source with C/N ratio of 15, 20, and 25, respectively, whereas control group (D) was reared in similar intensity without biofloc system. Fish were reared for 90 days and samples were taken on days 0, 30, 60, and 90 of the experiment. Immunological parameters including serum lysozyme and bactericidal activity, serum complement and IgM level, and NBT reduction and resistance to bacterial challenge as well as hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin) were assessed in experimental groups. Meanwhile, antioxidative enzyme activity (glutathione and superoxide dismutase, catalase) and stress indicators (glucose and cortisol level) were measured and compared among the groups. Water quality parameters were evaluated in all groups. Results showed that most of the immunological parameters as well as resistance against bacterial infection increased in biofloc groups (particularly in C/N = 20 groups) (P < 0.05). Hematological parameters and antioxidative enzyme activity were not affected by biofloc systems. Stress indicators showed a significant decrease in biofloc system, particularly in C/N = 20 group compared with control (P < 0.05). The results indicated that biofloc system (particularly C/N ratio = 20 groups) could not only improve immunological parameters, antioxidative status, and water quality but it decreased stress statues of common carp.

Water Quality, Nutritional, Hematological, and Growth Profiles of Ompok pabda Fish Fry Reared in Biofloc Technology and Traditional Culture System with Different Stocking Densities

“…The current study highlighted the positive influence of bioflocs on immunity of fish species as documented in Ahmad et al [ 79 ]. Similarly, Haghparast et al [ 96 ] reported enhanced hematological performance in the biofloc treatment groups for Cyprinus carpio .…”

Growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, non‐specific immune response and stress enzyme status in early stages of grey mullet reared in a biofloc system

“…Biofloc contains biological compounds that serve as contributing factors which affect the growth and immunity of fish and shrimp (Khanjani & Sharifinia, 2020). Recent studies documented improved growth performance of finfish such as Oreochromis niloticus (Kishawy et al, 2020;Zaki et al, 2020), Cyprinus carpio (Minabi et al, 2020), Labeo rohita (Sawant et al, 2020;Vadhel et al, 2020), Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Yu et al, 2020) and Lepomis macrochirus (Fischer et al, 2020) as well as the physiological and immune responses of fish (Anusha et al, 2020;Elayaraja et al, 2020;Haghparast et al, 2020;Sontakke et al, 2018;Yu et al, ,2020Yu et al, , , 2021 in biofloc-based culture practices. However, there are reports stating the unsuitability of biofloc technology for the rearing of fish such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) (Romano et al, 2020) due to the lower tolerance of the turbidity of culture water due to suspended biofloc components.…”

Biological removal of nitrogenous waste compounds in the biofloc aquaculture system: a review

“…Azimi et al (2022) stated that increasing the C/N ratio from 10 to 20 enhanced the innate immunity of carp (Cyprinus carpio) reared in BFT. Similarly, positive effects of the increase in C/N ratio from 10 to 20 were also reported on immunological parameters and stress indicators of C. carpio (Haghparast et al, 2020). Chakrapani et al (2021) stated that the BFT water quality and growth performance of L. vannamei were better at C/N ratios of 10 and 15 compared to 20.…”