Evaluation of heavy metals in beans and some beans product from some selected markets in Katsina State Nigeria

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Concentrations and Risk Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals in Amaranthus (L.) Leaf Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

“…But these values are higher than the range (0.002 to 0.004 mg/kg) reported by Edem et al [33] in Wheat flours in 2009. The reported Cd values in the present study are lower than that reported for various beans samples from Europe, Asia and parts of West Africa [24], reported in a study for the Cadmium concentration range for both unprocessed and processed bean samples from Katsina state Nigeria [21] and for locust beans from Odo-Ori market Iwo, Nigeria [34]. The values are also lower than those obtained by Okoye et al, [29] in Cereals in Southeastern Nigeria (0.007 to 0.23 mg/kg) in 2009, Ahmed and Mohammed [28] in Cereal products (0.091-0.143 mg/kg) in 2005, Orisakwe et al [35] in Owerri (0.00 to 0.24mg/kg) in 2012 and Dahiru et al, [26] in Kano (0.11 to 0.28 mg/kg) in 2013.…”

“…The mean values obtained for the heavy metal (Cr) is similar with the results of Gomaa et al [36] for Cr in cucumber (0.16 mg/kg) from Egypt and the mean Cr concentration for market sold beans from Katsina, Nigeria [21]. But the results are lower than the Cr concentrations reported for homegrown vegetables near a former chemical manufacturing facility in Tarnaveni Romania [25].…”

“…In the present study, the mean Fe concentration in the millet samples is higher than that reported in a study that evaluated heavy metals in millet from Kaduna, Nigeria [27]. The result is similar to that reported for market sold beans from Katsina, Nigeria [21], but lower to that reported in a study in eastern Nigeria Okoye et al 2009 and that recorded by Zahir et al [37] in a study conducted in Pakistan and the results for the study conducted by Di Bella et al [24].…”

“…While Cd has the lowest concentration (range: 0.043-0.058). The results for the heavy metals were analysed in the sampled seeds are similar to that reported for heavy metals in beans and several beans products from selected markets in Katsina state, Nigeria [21].…”

“…Mn concentrations in the present study is lower than the result of Mn levels in turmeric (76 mg/kg), red chilli (74.02 mg/kg) and coriander (52.91 mg/kg) reported by Das et al [40] in their study conducted in Chittagong Metropolitan City, Bangladesh to evaluate heavy metals in spices and results of evaluation of heavy metals in various foods reported in other studies [24,29], but is similar to that reported by Yaradua et al,. [21] in a study on Mn levels in beans from Katsina states Nigeria.…”