Evaluation of Health Risks due to Heavy Metals in a Rural Population Exposed to Atoyac River Pollution in Puebla, Mexico

Castresana, Gabriela Pérez; Roldán, Elsa Castañeda; García-Suástegui, Wendy Argelia; Perales, José Luis Morán; Montalvo, Abel Cruz; Silva, Anabella Handal

doi:10.3390/w11020277

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Health risk assessment (HRA) is widely used to quantify the risk of human exposure to certain pollutants [16,22,23]. HRA can be estimated by both deterministic and probabilistic methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Jiménez-Oyola

Escobar-Segovia

García-Martínez

et al. 2021

Water

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Anthropogenic activities performed in the Ecuadorian Amazon have released potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into the rivers, causing severe environmental pollution and increasing the risk of exposure to the residents of the surrounding areas. This study aims to carry out a human health risk assessment using deterministic and probabilistic methods to estimate the hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) related to multi-pathway human exposure to PTEs in polluted rivers. Concentrations of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface water and sediment samples from rivers on the Ecuadorian Amazon were considered to assess the potential adverse human health effects. As a result, deterministic and probabilistic estimations of cancer and non-cancer risk through exposure to surface waters and sediments were above the safety limit. A sensitivity analysis identified the concentration of PTEs and the exposure duration (ED) as the two most important variables for probabilistic health risk assessment. The highest risk for receptors was related to exposure to polluted sediments through incidental ingestion and dermal contact routes. According to the deterministic estimation, the human health risk through ingestion of water was above the threshold in specific locations. This study reveals the potential health risk to which the population is exposed. This information can be used as a baseline to develop public strategies to reduce anthropogenic pollution and exposure to PTEs in Ecuadorian Amazon rivers.

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“…Health risk assessment (HRA) is widely used to quantify the risk of human exposure to certain pollutants [16,22,23]. HRA can be estimated by both deterministic and probabilistic methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Jiménez-Oyola

Escobar-Segovia

García-Martínez

et al. 2021

Water

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“…Several anthropogenic activities produce large amounts of waste with heavy metals. Frequently, those wastes are released into the environment without adequate treatment, thereby increasing water pollution and health risks [4]. Furthermore, since the population grows continuously, the water demand also increases, reducing water availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Resistance of Heavy Metals from Bacteria Isolated from Natural Waters of a Mining Area in Mexico

Escamilla-Rodríguez

Carlos-Hernández

Jiménez

2021

Water

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This study focuses on identifying relationships between the content of heavy metals in water and the resistance patterns of different bacteria. Samples from watercourses in one of the most important mining areas in Mexico were collected. Seventy-one bacteria were isolated, and their resistance to Cr, Zn, Cu, Ag, Hg, and Co was studied. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration range was determined, and a Multiple Metal Resistant index was calculated. After that, 11 isolated bacteria were chosen to estimate kinetic parameters. The obtained results show differences in the behavior of the studied bacteria concerning the presence of heavy metals in the media: (1) without effect, (2) inhibited growth; and (3) considerable inhibited growth. Finally, a Performance Index was proposed to select adequate bacteria for heavy metals removal; five bacteria were selected. Among them, Pseudomonas koreensis was identified as a good candidate for a future biosorption system since these bacteria can stimulate growth in the presence of all the metals tested.

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“…Furthermore, the HQ indices of As and Pb for all water sources were greater than 1, indicating potential health risks to the human population. It must be emphasized that exposure to HMM may also come from various sources and through other pathways of exposure [59]. The TCR to residents through water intake from TW, GW, and WRS is summarized in Table 10.…”

Section: Human Hr Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Measurements of Domestic Water Quality and Health Risks by Elevated Concentration of Heavy Metals and Metalloids Using Monte Carlo and MLGI Methods

Senoro

Jesus

Nolos

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The domestic water (DW) quality of an island province in the Philippines that experienced two major mining disasters in the 1990s was assessed and evaluated in 2021 utilizing the heavy metals pollution index (MPI), Nemerow’s pollution index (NPI), and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) index. The island province sources its DW supply from groundwater (GW), surface water (SW), tap water (TP), and water refilling stations (WRS). This DW supply is used for drinking and cooking by the population. In situ analyses were carried out using an Olympus Vanta X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and Accusensing Metals Analysis System (MAS) G1 and the target heavy metals and metalloids (HMM) were arsenic (As), barium (Ba), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn). The carcinogenic risk was evaluated using the Monte Carlo (MC) method while a machine learning geostatistical interpolation (MLGI) technique was employed to create spatial maps of the metal concentrations and health risk indices. The MPI values calculated at all sampling locations for all water samples indicated a high pollution. Additionally, the NPI values computed at all sampling locations for all DW samples were categorized as “highly polluted”. The results showed that the health quotient indices (HQI) for As and Pb were significantly greater than 1 in all water sources, indicating a probable significant health risk (HR) to the population of the island province. Additionally, As exhibited the highest carcinogenic risk (CR), which was observed in TW samples. This accounted for 89.7% of the total CR observed in TW. Furthermore, all sampling locations exceeded the recommended maximum threshold level of 1.0 × 10−4 by the USEPA. Spatial distribution maps of the contaminant concentrations and health risks provide valuable information to households and guide local government units as well as regional and national agencies in developing strategic interventions to improve DW quality in the island province.

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Evaluation of Health Risks due to Heavy Metals in a Rural Population Exposed to Atoyac River Pollution in Puebla, Mexico

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Evidence of Resistance of Heavy Metals from Bacteria Isolated from Natural Waters of a Mining Area in Mexico

In Situ Measurements of Domestic Water Quality and Health Risks by Elevated Concentration of Heavy Metals and Metalloids Using Monte Carlo and MLGI Methods

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