Evaluation of Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation and Drinking Purposes in an Agricultural Region of the North China Plain

Guo, Haipeng; Li, Muzi; Wang, Lu; Wang, Yunlong; Zang, Xisheng; Zhao, Xiaobing; Wang, Haigang; Zhu, Juyan

doi:10.3390/w13233426

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Comparing this to the studies done in various regions around the world, it appears that the results are somewhat consistent with the findings in Algeria and Iraq where ground water availability and suitability for agriculture are generally good with some areas of lower suitability (Kadri et al, 2022;Al Maliki et al, 2020). However, the results in North China plain indicate challenges with groundwater quality with less than a third of the area suitable for irrigation (Guo et al, 2021).…”

Section: Groundwater Availability and Suitabilitysupporting

confidence: 86%

Groundwater Availability and Suitability Evaluation for Irrigated Agriculture in Mbale District

2023

IJFMR

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the availability and suitability of groundwater in Mbale district basing on potential, quality and vulnerability to support irrigated agriculture. Groundwater potential was assessed using geospatial technique through AHP model. Thematic layers were prepared namely: land use and land cover, slope, soil, rainfall, lineament density, lithology, geomorphology and drainage density. All layers were integrated using the MLC technique. Ranking of each parameter was performed using WOIA. Weights were assigned to each subject class basing on AHP results. The consistency of the outputs was tested by computation of CR and was at a reasonable acceptable level (0.029 < 0.1). Groundwater potential was delineated basing on the values of groundwater potential index. Groundwater quality was determined using IWQI method. Thirty-three water samples were collected. Five chemical parameters were tested in the laboratory: chloride, electrical conductivity, bicarbonate, sodium and SAR to generate the water quality database using Kriging interpolation technique. Computation of IWQI values for each source was made and was used to generate the IWQI map using the weighted summation. DRATIC method was used to delineate vulnerability of groundwater. Layers were generated using the following parameters: depth to groundwater, net recharge, aquifer media, topography, vadose zone impacts, and hydraulic conductivity. The aquifer vulnerability map was prepared by overlaying layers. Three different vulnerability zones were determined according to DRASTIC scores low (<100), medium (100-140) and high (>140). Integration of maps of quality, vulnerability and potential of groundwater was made using an unsupervised MLC classification method. Groundwater potential was in three zones: very good zone was 26.99 km2 (12.98%), the good zone was 126.22 km2 (60.71%) and the poor zone was 54.69 km2 (26.31%). The average annual exploitable groundwater reserves are estimated at 0.026 (MCM/km2) in the zone of “very good”, 0.024 MCM/km2 in the zone of “good” and 0.018 MCM/km2 in the zone of “poor”. Groundwater quality was in two use restrictions: High Restriction of 90.90% with the IWQI value from 40 to 55 on the area of 188.98 km2 of the study area and Severe Restriction of 9.10% with IWQI values from 32 to 40 covering of 18.92 km2. The study area had a high probability of contamination. Low vulnerability covers an area of 11.23km2 (5.40%), 77.83km2 (37.44%) for medium and 118.83km2 (57.16%) for high. The resulting clustered map was classified into five categories with their respective regions: 17.58% very poor (36.56km2), 13.84% poor (28.77km2), 12.69% good (26.39km2), 31.46% very good (65.39km2) and 24.43 % excellent (50.78km2). The sub counties in Mbale district that have inadequate and unsuitable groundwater for irrigated agriculture are Budwale, Wanale, Busano, Bubyangu, Bufumbo and Nyondo since they belong to the zones of very poor and poor. The remaining sub counties have available and suitable groundwater for irrigated agriculture since they belong to the zones of good, very good and excellent.

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Section: Groundwater Availability and Suitabilitysupporting

confidence: 86%

Groundwater Availability and Suitability Evaluation for Irrigated Agriculture in Mbale District

2023

IJFMR

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“…The Permeability Index (PI) assesses water movement capability in soil based on Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , and HCO3 − concentrations [45]. It is a criterion for evaluating water quality suitability for agricultural irrigation, indicating soil permeability and drainage capacity [46].…”

Section: Npi Values Npi Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using the Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), Water Quality Index (WQI), Multivariate Statistical Analysis (MSA), and GIS Approaches: A Case Study of the Mnasra Region, Gharb Plain, Morocco

Sanad,

Mouhir,

Zouahri

et al. 2024

Water

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Groundwater, an invaluable resource crucial for irrigation and drinking purposes, significantly impacts human health and societal advancement. This study aims to evaluate the groundwater quality in the Mnasra region of the Gharb Plain, employing a comprehensive analysis of thirty samples collected from various locations, based on thirty-three physicochemical parameters. Utilizing tools like the Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), Water Quality Index (WQI), Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), as well as Multivariate Statistical Approaches (MSA), and the Geographic Information System (GIS), this research identifies the sources of groundwater pollution. The results revealed Ca2+ dominance among cations and Cl− as the primary anion. The Piper and Gibbs diagrams illustrated the prevalent Ca2+-Cl− water type and the significance of water–rock interactions, respectively. The PIG values indicated that 86.66% of samples exhibited “Insignificant pollution”. NPI showed notable nitrate pollution (1.48 to 7.06), with 83.33% of samples rated “Good” for drinking based on the WQI. The IWQI revealed that 80% of samples were classified as “Excellent” and 16.66% as “Good”. Spatial analysis identified the eastern and southern sections as highly contaminated due to agricultural activities. These findings provide valuable insights for decision-makers to manage groundwater resources and promote sustainable water management in the Gharb region.

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“…Bai et al investigated groundwater chemistry in Yongqing County in the northern part of the HBP and reported that groundwater total hardness concentration in phreatic aquifers was up to 840 mg/L [25]. Guo et al surveyed groundwater quality in the Bazhou irrigation district of the HBP and found that the total hardness concentration was up to 1483 mg/L in shallow groundwater but less than 90 mg/L in deep groundwater [26]. However, knowledge of the distribution and origins of hardness-rich shallow and deep groundwaters in the whole HBP is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Origins of Hardness in Shallow and Deep Groundwaters of the Hebei Plain, China

Qian,

Zhen,

Yue

et al. 2024

Water

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Elevated hardness concentrations in groundwater have become a noteworthy concern in recent decades because long-term drinking of groundwater with high levels of hardness is an important factor resulting in chronic kidney diseases. In this study, the distribution and origins of groundwater total hardness (TH) in various sub-plains and different land-use areas of the Hebei Plain (HBP) were investigated. A total of 445 groundwater samples in the HBP were collected once in 2021, and twelve chemical parameters, including TH in groundwater, were analyzed. Results showed that TH-rich (>450 mg/L) shallow groundwater in both the central and littoral plains was more than twice that in the Piedmont plain. Similarly, TH-rich deep groundwater accounted for about 18% in the central plain but was negligible in the Piedmont plain. In the Piedmont plain, TH-rich shallow groundwater in urban areas was twice or more than in other land use types. By contrast, both TH-rich shallow and deep groundwaters in agricultural areas in the central plain were higher than those in rural areas. This was opposite to TH-rich shallow groundwater in the littoral plain. In the Piedmont plain, TH-rich shallow groundwater was mainly attributed to water-rock interaction, groundwater over-extraction, and the infiltration of domestic sewage and animal waste. In the central plain, both TH-rich shallow and deep groundwaters likely ascribed to the evaporite dissolution and seawater intrusion. By contrast, the leaching of agricultural fertilizers resulting in the dissolution of Ca-rich and Mg-rich minerals in the vadose zone was mainly responsible for the occurrence of TH-rich shallow groundwater in the littoral plain. Therefore, in order to limit elevated hardness concentrations in groundwater in the HBP, limiting shallow groundwater extraction and strengthening the supervision of the domestic sewage and animal waste in the Piedmont plain are recommended. Besides, restricting the use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the littoral plain is also recommended.

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Evaluation of Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation and Drinking Purposes in an Agricultural Region of the North China Plain

Cited by 22 publications

References 58 publications

Groundwater Availability and Suitability Evaluation for Irrigated Agriculture in Mbale District

Groundwater Availability and Suitability Evaluation for Irrigated Agriculture in Mbale District

Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using the Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG), Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), Water Quality Index (WQI), Multivariate Statistical Analysis (MSA), and GIS Approaches: A Case Study of the Mnasra Region, Gharb Plain, Morocco

Distribution and Origins of Hardness in Shallow and Deep Groundwaters of the Hebei Plain, China

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