Evaluation of groundwater quality using multivariate, parametric and non-parametric statistics, and GWQI in Ibadan, Nigeria

Thomas, Emmanuel Oluwafemi

doi:10.1080/23570008.2023.2221493

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric statistical test was used to evaluate significant differences among samples, sampling period, and location 59 , 60 . This test enables the comparison of more than two independent samples, whether they have the same or different sample sizes, and mathematically, it is expressed as 59 , 61 : where corresponds to the total number of observations across all groups, is the number of groups, is the number of observations in group , represents the rank of observation from group , is the average rank of all observations in group , and is the average of all the values 61 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater quality for human consumption and its health risks in the Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia

Lora-Ariza,

Piña,

Donado

2024

Sci Rep

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Groundwater is the primary source of water for people living in rural areas, especially during seasons when surface water is contaminated or unavailable. In Colombia, people use groundwater as drinking water without additional treatment. In addition, there is no infrastructure for wastewater collection and sewage treatment in the region of the Middle Magdalena Valley. The current study aims to evaluate the quality of groundwater in this region to determine any potential health hazards associated with its consumption. To reach the objective, three (3) physicochemical and microbiological sampling campaigns were carried out during different hydrological periods. A total of 428 groundwater samples were analyzed for over 28 parameters. The results were compared with the water quality standards proposed by the US EPA and Colombian regulations for human consumption. The analysis revealed the presence of total and fecal coliforms in 89% and 58% of the analyzed samples, respectively, identifying them as the main contaminants in groundwater. Furthermore, the pH levels did not meet the standards set by the US EPA in 33.8% of the cases and by Colombian regulations in 31.02%. Additionally, 32.8%, 17.6%, 14.3%, and 10.9% of the samples failed to meet the established thresholds for apparent color, magnesium, iron, and nitrates, respectively, under both standards. Moreover, only the analyses of selenium, mercury, and zinc complied with the quality standards under both regulatory frameworks. Based on the Colombian Drinking-Water Quality Risk Index (CDWQRI-IRCA), the risk associated with water quality meant for human consumption was assessed. The results showed that over 84% of the samples analyzed posed a high risk to human health, 4.6% posed a medium risk, 5.5% posed a low risk, and only 5.7% posed no risk at all. Additionally, official mortality statistics for children under four years old were reviewed, which revealed two deaths in 2019 due to Acute Diarrheal Disease (ADD) caused by consumption of contaminated water. Therefore, it is crucial to implement water treatment systems, establish aqueducts in rural areas, and conduct rigorous and systematic monitoring of drinking water to ensure it is safe for human consumption. It is also important to track morbidity and mortality rates associated with water consumption.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of groundwater quality for human consumption and its health risks in the Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia

Lora-Ariza,

Piña,

Donado

2024

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, the groundwater quality can also be affected depending upon the type of pumping technique employed [2]. Several researchers have employed various techniques to assess the quality of groundwater for drinking purposes, for instance, multivariate statistics [3], an automatic exponential smoothing model [4], explanatory analysis [5], theoretical probability models [6,7], correlation and regression analyses [8], and other methods. However, groundwater quality is influenced by a complex interplay of physicochemical parameters, including electric conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and concentrations of various ions and minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for Groundwater Potability Classification

Suleiman,

Yousafzai,

Zubair

2023

The 4th International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences

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Nitrate and fluoride contamination in the groundwater in a tribal region of north Maharashtra, India: An account of health risks and anthropogenic influence

Patil,

Kadam

et al. 2024

Groundwater for Sustainable Development

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Evaluation of groundwater quality using multivariate, parametric and non-parametric statistics, and GWQI in Ibadan, Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Assessment of groundwater quality for human consumption and its health risks in the Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia

Assessment of groundwater quality for human consumption and its health risks in the Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models for Groundwater Potability Classification

Nitrate and fluoride contamination in the groundwater in a tribal region of north Maharashtra, India: An account of health risks and anthropogenic influence

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