Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the Vicinity of Khurrianwala Industrial Zone, Pakistan

Aleem, Muhammad; Shun, Cao Jia; Li, Chao; Aslam, Arslan Muhammad; Wu, Yang; Nawaz, Muhammad Imran; Ahmed, Wasif Saeed; Buttar, Noman Ali

doi:10.3390/w10101321

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, in developed economies, N use efficiency (NUE; defined as grain dry matter per unit of N available from the soil, fertilizer included), is very low and estimated to be approximately 33% of the applied N source [9]. Thus, in Asia, Europe, and Northern America, intensive agricultural practices [10] have led to both higher production costs and greater risk from environmental hazards, such as ground and surface water pollution by nitrate leaching [11][12][13]. The main challenge for breeders is to minimize the applied amount of fertilizer N to the field without affecting yield, and also in selecting the cultivars that metabolize N more effectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Nitrogen Options for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice under Different Water Regimes

Hameed

Rahim

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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Major challenge in rice production is to achieve the goal of enhancing both food production and fertilizer use efficiency. Rice growth simulation model, ORYZA (v3) was used in the present study to evaluate the model under continuous flooded (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) regimes with different fertilizer nitrogen (N) rates with different N splits using a historical data of past 45 years. The model satisfactorily simulated crop biomass and nitrogen uptake at both irrigation regimes and fertilizers N rates and splits. The yield differences among the years were large due to climate change, but enhanced by N rates. The response of N curves was different at both water regimes. At 0 N rate, the slope for agronomic efficiency (AE) was high which tends to decrease with increase in N rates. With the one split basal application of N, lowest yield was found with high physiological efficiencies (PE), lowest fertilizer recoveries (RE) and lowest agronomic efficiency (AE). For both water applications and fertilizer levels, high yield with high nitrogen uptake, AE, RE and partial factor productivity (PFP) were witnessed high at four split (3:3:3:1), while having low physiological efficiency. The water productivity (irrigation + rainfall) WPI+R at basal in one N split for AWD at 150 kg N ha−1 was 1.19 kg m−3 and for CF was 0.82 kg m−3, whereas for 225 kg N ha−1 WPI+R of AWD was 1.50 kg m−3 and 1.14 kg m−3 for CF. In general, AWD exhibited high WPI+R with no rice yield penalty compared to CF. Splitting with the proper amount of fertilizer N resulted in good water productivity and nitrogen efficiencies, could lead to high rice yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Nitrogen Options for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice under Different Water Regimes

Hameed

Rahim

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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“…Lowering the TDS concentration will lower the salinity, and a higher conc. of TDS (>1000) could indicate a very high salinity level [52]. However, the measured TDS values showed a reduced water quality, with significant health issues for mineworkers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Seasonal Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in Coal Mining Areas of Balochistan

Ayub

Ahmad

2020

Sustainability

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Balochistan is a semi-arid region. The assessment of water quality is very important, as the majority of people depend on groundwater for drinking purposes. The present study involves the quality assessment and mapping of drinking water in the five selected major coal mining sites in the four districts of Balochistan. A total of 50 samples were collected from these five coal mining sites in two seasons: i.e., summer and winter. A physicochemical analysis was carried out for groundwater samples: i.e., pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), CO3, HCO3-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni, and Zn. Thematic maps were used to depict the spatial distribution of significant variables and were compared with WHO standards (2011) during both seasons. The majority of parameters crossed the safe permissible limit of WHO standards. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated for the whole monitoring data obtained from both seasons from the perspective of drinking water in each of the selected sites. Moreover, a principle component analysis (PCA) and correlation matrix was carried out for the data analysis in order to identify the source of pollution and correlation among the variables. The results suggested that the overall quality of water from the selected coal mining sites deteriorated due to the overexploitation of coal mines and mining activity. The current investigation provides a comprehensive picture of the current status of water quality in and around the selected coal mines of Balochistan.

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“…As stated by Aleem et al (2018), the combination of GWQI and spatial analysis has proved to be a robust tool for assessing groundwater quality [44,45]. The geographic information system (GIS) enables the use of various interpolation methods for GWQI spatial analysis, such as proximity interpolation, inverse distance weighted interpolation, and the kriging interpolation method (KIM) [46,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-Based Spatiotemporal Mapping of Groundwater Potability and Palatability Indices in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

Judeh

Bian

Shahrour

2021

Water

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This paper aims to assess groundwater potability and palatability in the West Bank, Palestine. It combines the adjusted weighted arithmetic water quality index method (AWAWQIM), a close-ended questionnaire, and step-wise assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) to develop groundwater potability (PoGWQI) and palatability (PaGWQI) indices. Both a geographic information system (GIS) and the kriging interpolation method (KIM) are employed to create spatiotemporal mapping of PoGWQI and PaGWQI. The research is based on data from 79 wells, which were provided by the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA). Data include fecal coliform (FC), nitrate (NO3), pH, chloride (Cl), sulfate (SO4), bicarbonate (HCO3), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, and hardness. Results indicate that 2% and 5% of water samples were unpotable and unpalatable, respectively. Unpotable samples were found in areas with poor sewer networks and intensive use of agrochemicals. All groundwater samples (100%) in the eastern part of the West Bank were unpalatable because of seawater intrusion. Unconfined aquifers were more vulnerable to potability and palatability contamination. It was noticed that PoGWQI is sensitive to FC and NO3, while PaGWQI is sensitive to HCO3, TDS, and Cl. Consequently, these quality parameters should be monitored well. The proposed method is of great interest to water decision-makers in Palestine for establishing strategies to protect water resources.

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Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the Vicinity of Khurrianwala Industrial Zone, Pakistan

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Optimizing Nitrogen Options for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice under Different Water Regimes

Optimizing Nitrogen Options for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice under Different Water Regimes

Seasonal Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in Coal Mining Areas of Balochistan

GIS-Based Spatiotemporal Mapping of Groundwater Potability and Palatability Indices in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

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