Evaluation of grinding-induced subsurface damage in optical glass BK7

Li, Hao Nan; Yu, Tianbiao; Zhu, Lei; Wang, Wan Shan

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.11.003

Cited by 109 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…They ignored the effect of cutting speed on machining-induced damage. Li et al [6] studied the effect of grinding wheel speed and workpiece feed rate on SSD of the BK7 glass, shown in Eq. 7, where λ is related to the material properties of the workpiece and the geometric shape of the grains; v w is the workpiece velocity; L is the spacing between the successive cutting edges; v s , a, and are the speed, the depth of cut, and the diameter of the wheel.…”

Section: Predictive Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hard and brittle materials are widely used because of their excellent physical and mechanical properties, such as high hardness and strength at elevated temperatures, wear and corrosion resistances, etc. Among hard and brittle materials, single crystalline silicon is the predominant substrate material for integrated circuits (IC) [1][2][3][4][5]; optical glasses are for optical windows and lens [6][7][8][9][10][11] as well as high-power laser components [12]; ceramic materials are commonly used for bearings, cutting tools and machine parts [13][14][15][16]. However, these materials are also difficult to machine due to their hard and brittle nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for Detection of Subsurface Damage: A Review

Yin

Bai

2018

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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Subsurface damage is easily induced in machining of hard and brittle materials because of their particular mechanical and physical properties. It is detrimental to the strength, performance and lifetime of a machined part. To manufacture a high quality part, it is necessary to detect and remove the machining induced subsurface damage by the subsequent processes. However, subsurface damage is often covered with a smearing layer generated in a machining process, it is rather difficult to directly observe and detect by optical microscopy. An efficient detection of subsurface damage directly leads to quality improvement and time saving for machining of hard and brittle materials. This paper presents a review of the methods for detection of subsurface damage, both destructive and non-destructive. Although more reliable, destructive methods are typically time-consuming and confined to local damage information. Non-destructive methods usually suffer from uncertainty factors, but may provide global information on subsurface damage distribution. These methods are promising because they can provide a capacity of rapid scan and detection of subsurface damage in spatial distribution.

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Section: Predictive Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Detection of Subsurface Damage: A Review

Yin

Bai

2018

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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“…Brittle fracture of glass takes place due to the formation of micro-cracks when the applied cutting force exceeds the strength of glass. In this situation, median cracks perpendicular to the feed direction and lateral cracks parallel to feed direction are generated [47][48][49]. Median cracks travel deeper into the material responsible for strength degradation and subsurface damage (SSD), resulting in the removal of bigger chunks.…”

Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Machining optimization in rotary ultrasonic drilling of BK-7 through response surface methodology using desirability approach

Kumar

Singh

2018

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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In the present work, optical glass BK-7 was drilled by rotary ultrasonic machine. Response surface methodology was amalgamated with desirability approach to frame the experimental matrix and seek pragmatic solutions to cope with the real machining problems. Spindle speed, ultrasonic power and feed rate were extensively scrutinized to evaluate the machining proficiency in terms of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). Thereafter, ANOVA check was exercised to scrutinize the adequacy of developed SR and MRR models and cast light on the significant model terms with their impact intensity on responses. The feed rate was observed to be the most influential factor in determining the qualitative (SR) and quantitative (MRR) aspect of the machining process. The machined surface along with tool surface was examined by scanning electron microscope to shed light on the material fractography and tool wear. Processed surface topography revealed the concluding evidence of brittle fracture dominance along with few traces of plastic flow of material. Severe tool wear was observed in the initial stage of experimentation due to bond fracture and grain fracture. Confirmatory tests validated the prediction accuracy of developed models by keeping the error within 5% between the predicted and experimental value at 95% confidence level.

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“…Fused silica optics are typically prepared by cutting followed by grinding to near‐net shape and then finishing with a fine abrasive (eg, ceria [CeO 2 ] particles) or chemical etchant . The damage left by conventional cutting and grinding extend below the surface to subsurface damage layers as deep as 300 µm . These surface and subsurface cracks have been shown to act as laser‐energy concentrators .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused silica contamination layer removal using magnetic field‐assisted finishing

et al. 2020

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Fused silica optics used in lasing systems requires a high laser‐induced damage resistance. Processes typically used to polish fused silica lenses induce subsurface and surface damage that collect ceria abrasive, creating a layer of contamination. The contamination can be a precursor to laser damage during use. A preliminary study showed the feasibility of magnetic field‐assisted finishing (MAF) for polishing fused silica and suggested possible beneficial effects of the MAF‐polished surface on the laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT). This paper proposes a method to examine the fundamental polishing characteristics of MAF for fused silica. Using the proposed method, this paper explores the material removal characteristics of the MAF process and improves the understanding of the MAF polishing mechanism. The 45% improvement of LIDT shows the efficacy of MAF for removing the contamination layer of fused silica surfaces with minimal changes in the surface roughness.

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Evaluation of grinding-induced subsurface damage in optical glass BK7

Cited by 109 publications

References 18 publications

Methods for Detection of Subsurface Damage: A Review

Methods for Detection of Subsurface Damage: A Review

Machining optimization in rotary ultrasonic drilling of BK-7 through response surface methodology using desirability approach

Fused silica contamination layer removal using magnetic field‐assisted finishing

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