Evaluation of graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data

Güler, Cüneyt; Thyne, Geoffrey D.; McCray, John E.; Turner, Keith

doi:10.1007/s10040-002-0196-6

Cited by 807 publications

(421 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Two multivariate statistical methods were applied in this study using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 17.0) program: the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and the principal component analysis (PCA). The description of HCA and PCA techniques and the methodology used for their application in ground water composition have been detailed in previous studies (e.g., Stetzenbach et al 2001;Guler et al 2002;Guler and Thyne 2004;Dragon 2006;Helstrup et al 2007;Papatheodorou et al 2007; Van den Brink et al 2007;Cloutier et al 2008;Yidana 2010;Monjerezi et al 2011;Zghibi et al 2014;Dragon and Gorski 2015). In this study, the parameters involved in the statistics include major constituents Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , HCO 3…”

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical associations do not necessarily establish cause-and-effect relationships, but do present the information in a compact format and can assist in generating hypothesis for the interpretation of hydrochemical processes (Guler et al 2002;Guler and Thyne 2004). Two multivariate statistical methods were applied in this study using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 17.0) program: the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and the principal component analysis (PCA).…”

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standardized data are obtained by subtracting the mean of the distribution from each data and divided by the standard deviation of the distribution, Z i = (X i − mean)/s (Davis 1986). Log transformation of positively skewed chemical parameters as well as data standardization is commonly done in multivariate statistical analysis (Guler et al 2002;Cloutier et al 2008).…”

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). Results of the Q-mode HCA Cluster analysis is a statistical technique of data classification, and the HAC is the one most widely applied in different clustering techniques in earth sciences (Davis 1986;Guler et al 2002). A total of 48 water samples in this study are contained in the compiled database, and the data set was analyzed using the Q-mode HCA technique.…”

Section: Conventional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the processes controlling the geochemical genesis of ground waters in northern Xinjiang drainage system and (2) to identify the factors potentially governing the recharge and evolution of these waters, by using two well-known multivariate statistical methods. Given the relatively complex geographical and geological settings of the study area, the authors hope that the multivariate statistical techniques could help distinguish the role of natural and nonnatural contexts in this examination, since the application of multivariate statistical techniques has been proved to be a robust tool for the characterization of hydrological systems, compared with the limitations of traditional graphical techniques (Guler et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Zhu

Wang

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Understanding the source and recharge of ground waters is of great significance to our knowledge in hydrological cycles in arid environments over the world. Northern Xinjiang in northwestern China is a significant repository of information relating to the hydrological evolution and climatic changes in central Asia. In this study, two multivariate statistical techniques, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were used to assess the ground water recharge and its governing factors, with the principal idea of exploring the above techniques to utilize all available hydrogeochemical variables in the quality assessment, which are not considered in the conventional techniques like Stiff and Piper diagrams. Q-mode HCA and R-mode PCA were combined to partition the water samples into seven major water clusters (C1-C7) and three principal components (PC1-PC3, PC1 salinity, PC2 hydroclimate, PC3 contaminant). The water samples C1 + C4 were classified as recharge area waters (Ca-HCO 3 water), C2 + C3 as transitional zone waters (Ca-Mg-HCO 3 -SO 4 water), and C5 + C6 + C7 as discharge area waters (Na-SO 4 water). Based on the Q-mode PCA scores, three groups of geochemical processes influencing recharge regimes were identified: geogenic (i.e., caused by natural geochemical processes), geomorphoclimatic (caused by topography and climate), and anthropogenic (caused by ground water contamination). It is proposed that differences in recharge mechanism and ground water evolution, and possible bedrock composition difference, are responsible for the chemical genesis of these waters. These will continue to influence the geochemistry of the northern Xinjiang drainage system for a long time due to its steady tectonics and arid climate. This study proved that the chemistry differentiation of ground water can effectively support the identification of ground water recharge and evolution patterns.

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Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conventional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Zhu

Wang

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Characterization of Porous and Fractured Media

Renard

Gómez‐Hernández

Ezzedine

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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The characterization of porous or fractured media is a site, scale, and project-specific process aiming at a quantitative description of the geometry and properties of the geological structures controlling groundwater flow and solute transport. The characterization process involves four main steps (i) the definition of the domain and the goals of the characterization; (ii) the collection and analysis of field observations allowing the construction of a geometrical model; (iii) the collection and analysis of field measurements allowing to construct a property model; and (iv) the collection and analysis of field data relative to the state of the system and their integration within the geometrical and property models (inverse problem). When data are sufficient and structures are relatively well known, deterministic techniques of interpolation can be successfully applied to construct the geometric or the parameter models. However, because of the lack of sufficient data, stochastic models are often employed to characterize the heterogeneity that usually exists; such models also facilitate the quantification of the uncertainty in model predictions. Without describing the details of every technique, this article provides an overview of the tools most often used for the characterization of porous or fractured aquifers.Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences. Edited by M G Anderson.

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Mineral Content of Bottled and Desalinated Household Drinking Water in Kuwait

Al–Mudhaf

Al-Hayan

Selim

et al. 2011

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Three hundred and twenty-two samples of desalinated household water were collected from 99 sampling locations that covered 95% of Kuwaiti's residential areas. Seventy-one brands of bottled water were collected from Kuwaiti markets. The water quality parameters that were studied included pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), F À , Cl . The analysis yielded a large range of results for most of these parameters, with differences in some cases exceeding 10-fold. With a few exceptions, the results were found to comply with US-EPA and WHO standards. Only the water in two brands of bottled water was acidic (pH < 6.5). The TDS was found to be higher than the US-EPA regulated value in 4 and 3% of the household samples and bottled water brands, respectively. The fluoride levels were generally higher in bottled water than in household water. However, the household water that was produced by the Doha desalination plant and some of the European brands of bottled water were the best samples studied in terms of their quantity of

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Evaluation of graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data

Cited by 807 publications

References 44 publications

Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Characterization of Porous and Fractured Media

Mineral Content of Bottled and Desalinated Household Drinking Water in Kuwait

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