Evaluation of Gingivitis in Pregnant Beagle Dogs

Abstract

Periodontal disease (PD) in pregnant women has been correlated with negative impacts on pregnancy outcomes including low birth weight, preterm labor, and increased neonatal mortality. This study aimed to explore similar associations in dogs. Medical, dental, and reproductive records of healthy female beagles producing one or more litters within a research breeding facility were evaluated over a 1.5-year period. Dental scoring (1-6) was based on a facility-developed, subjective assessment of gingivitis and calculus deposition following parturition. Assessment of periodontitis was not performed. Statistical analyses were performed to find correlations between the dam’s dental score and pregnancy outcomes (length of gestation, litter size, stillborn, and failure to thrive puppies). Dam age, litter size, and perinatal mortalities were controlled in the statistical models. Data were collected from 808 dams, 1344 litters, and 7197 puppies; 75.3% of the 1344 dam scores were categorized as dental score 3 or less with a mean of 2.7. None of the evaluated pregnancy outcomes had any significant correlations with the severity of dental scores. The lack of a significant relationship between dental score and pregnancy outcomes may be the result of the low number of dogs with severe gingivitis and calculus deposition, the variability of dental score timing postparturition, and/or the subjective facility-generated dental scoring method that did not include universally accepted methods for gingivitis and periodontitis assessment. Studies involving more animals with severe PD utilizing objective, universally accepted methods for gingivitis and periodontitis assessment are warranted to say with confidence no association exists.

Melhorias Na Manipulação De Produtos De Origem Animal Resultantes Do Treinamento De Boas Práticas De Fabricação

“…Comparações entre fêmeas e machos e animais esterilizados ou não, foram negativos quanto a relação para ocorrência de doença periodontal, pois a ovariosalpingohisterectomia não traz grandes alterações no tecido ósseo, que levaria a uma osteopenia, como visto em mulheres (CARREIRA, L.; DIAS; AZEVEDO, 2015;SANTOS et al, 2019). Da mesma forma, quando comparado o efeito da gengivite em distúrbios gestacionais de mulheres, em cadelas a associação não foi significativa (BASUKI et al, 2019 . Com o avanço da idade, a deposição de placas na superfície dos dentes torna-se mais prevalente, levando a gengivite e/ou periodontite (GLICKMAN et al, 2011;DONOS et al, 2017;STELLA;BAUER;CRONEY, 2018;WALLIS et al, 2019;ENLUND et al, 2020b), e os estágios da doença periodontal se agravam à medida em que o animal envelhece, devido a reduzida imunidade nessa etapa da vida (CARREIRA, L.; DIAS; AZEVEDO, 2015).…”

Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride 38% on reduction of gingivitis in dogs: a randomized clinical trial

“…As many as 80 percent of dogs will have gingivitis or periodontitis by 2 years of age (1). Small breed dogs are at higher risk (2) and risk increases with age (3). Periodontal disease is the most common cause of tooth loss in dogs (1) and its potential to be associated with, or the cause of systemic diseases is an ongoing discussion (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”