Evaluation of Gatekeeper Training for Suicide Prevention in Veterans

Matthieu, Monica M.; Cross, Wendi; Batres, Alfonso R.; Flora, Charles M.; Knox, Kerry L.

doi:10.1080/13811110701857491

Cited by 102 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Four of the five sections of the suicide and suicide prevention self-report survey instrument have been utilized in previous research (Matthieu et al, 2008, 2009). These sections include: (1) Organizational assessment, (2) Provider demographics, (3) Individual-level factors, (4) Exposure to suicide, and (5) Awareness of suicide prevention resources.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A specific policy mandate of assessing suicide risk in mental health and non-mental health settings is mentioned in this report, as well as in the recent release of the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention (NSSP) (HHS, 2012). The providers working in these settings are the “front lines” of services provided to veterans and military families, and as such they serve a role as “gatekeepers” for at-risk veterans (Matthieu, Cross, Batres, Flora & Knox, 2008; Matthieu, Chen, Schohn, Lantinga, & Knox, 2009). Their perspectives are critically important in understanding how to tailor interventions aimed at increasing rates of referral for necessary, life-saving, crisis intervention services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Personal and Professional Knowledge of and Experience With Suicide and Suicide Prevention Among Stakeholders in Clinical and Community Practice

Matthieu

Gardiner

Ziegemeier

et al. 2014

Social Work in Mental Health

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Community-dwelling veterans at risk for suicide may be in contact with a variety of providers in agency-based settings that offer health and human services. The study aim is to describe the perspective of agency-based clinical and community providers who may come into contact with veterans in need of suicide prevention services and to examine the nature of their personal and professional relationships to individuals at risk for suicide among this sample.This study reports on qualitative data from a sample of Veterans’ Affairs (VA) and community providers serving veterans and military families in one Midwestern state (N = 70). Providers completed a survey assessing exposure to suicide, including contact with and relationship to someone suicidal, and organizational characteristics of the providers’ employing agencies. Semi-structured interview questions probed for the nature of how they would react with suicidal individuals. Most providers (94%) had some prior contact with someone who was suicidal, and nearly three quarters (77%) knew someone who had died by suicide. Providers reported powerful emotional responses of sadness and remorse to suicidal experiences. While these providers interact with veterans and military families as part of their jobs, they may have their own history of being exposed to suicide, both professionally and personally.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal and Professional Knowledge of and Experience With Suicide and Suicide Prevention Among Stakeholders in Clinical and Community Practice

Matthieu

Gardiner

Ziegemeier

et al. 2014

Social Work in Mental Health

Self Cite

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“…What follows are descriptions of the key findings and lessons learned from each of these enhanced program evaluations ("enhanced evaluations"), and the actionable knowledge framework used to make these findings relevant and actionable for use by practitioners in the field of suicide prevention. Prior research has shown that immediately after gatekeeper training, participants showed increased knowledge (actual and perceived), improved attitudes about suicide prevention, increased confidence (self-efficacy beliefs), and skills to help at-risk individuals [38][39][40][41][42]. Little research exists, however, on whether increases in gatekeepers' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and skills lead to actual gatekeeperhelping behaviors, nor is there much research on the long-term effectiveness of gatekeeper training in preventing suicidal behavior.…”

Section: Original Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting program evaluation to work: a framework for creating actionable knowledge for suicide prevention practice

Wilkins

Thigpen

Lockman

et al. 2012

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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The economic and human cost of suicidal behavior to individuals, families, communities, and society makes suicide a serious public health concern, both in the US and around the world. As research and evaluation continue to identify strategies that have the potential to reduce or ultimately prevent suicidal behavior, the need for translating these findings into practice grows. The development of actionable knowledge is an emerging process for translating important research and evaluation findings into action to benefit practice settings. In an effort to apply evaluation findings to strengthen suicide prevention practice, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) supported the development of three actionable knowledge products that make key findings and lessons learned from youth suicide prevention program evaluations accessible and useable for action. This paper describes the actionable knowledge framework (adapted from the knowledge transfer literature), the three products that resulted, and recommendations for further research into this emerging method for translating research and evaluation findings and bridging the knowledge-action gap. KEYWORDSSuicide prevention, Youth, Actionable knowledge, Knowledge to action, Knowledge-action, Researchto-practice, Implementation, Knowledge transfer, Public healthThe economic and human cost of suicidal behavior to individuals, families, communities, and society makes suicide a serious public health concern, both in the United States and around the world. In the US, it is estimated that deaths resulting from suicide create a financial burden of over 26 billion dollars a year in medical costs and work loss [1]. Suicide is also one of the most common causes of death among young people in the US. It is the second leading cause of death among 25-34-year-olds and the third leading cause of death among 15-24-year-olds [2]. In 2011, nearly 16 % of high school students (typical age range 14-18 years old) reported that they had seriously considered suicide in the past year [3], that is, about three students out of a typical classroom of 20 [4].The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines suicidal behavior as including (1) suicidal ideation (thoughts of harming or killing oneself), (2) suicide attempt (a nonfatal, self-directed potentially injurious behavior with any intent to die as a result of the behavior), and/or (3) suicide (death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with any intent to die as a result of the behavior) [5]. Historically in the US, suicide has almost exclusively been addressed by providing mental health services to people already experiencing suicidal thoughts or behavior. While

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“…Veteran's Administration counseling centers [17]. Based on survey data, researchers identified significant improvement from pre-post-training in knowledge and selfefficacy (p<0.0001) with greatest impact on knowing what to say and do.…”

Section: Nationwide Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on survey data, researchers identified significant improvement from pre-post-training in knowledge and selfefficacy (p<0.0001) with greatest impact on knowing what to say and do. Authors concluded the training was a promising intervention [17].…”

Section: Nationwide Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Community's Response to Gatekeeper Training

Pullen¹,

Gilje²,

Loftsgaarden³

et al. 2017

J Comm Pub Health Nurs

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Background: Gatekeeper training remains fundamental to broad suicide prevention strategies. In this descriptive study, Question, Persuade, Refer, an evidence-based suicide prevention gatekeeper training program, was implemented community-wide in a state among the highest for suicide in the United States.Objective: To describe and compare cohort pre-post responses to suicide prevention gatekeeper training. Methods:Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 2013 to 2016 utilizing pre-post training surveys (n=894). Results:Quantitative results were statistically significant (p<0.0001) with little between-cohort variance. Significant differences in pre-post ratings concerned 'how to ask about suicide', 'how to persuade someone to receive help' and 'information about resources'. Post-survey qualitative results revealed a main theme of 'appreciating learning about suicide prevention'. Conclusion:Findings from the ethnically homogenous sample are consistent with other research outcomes, adding to understandings from the few other published community-wide gatekeeper studies. Of note is that gatekeeper training is feasible, beneficial and cost-effective aligning with international and national initiatives. Future research is needed on the sustainability of gatekeeper training outcomes over time and its' impact on suicide rates.

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Evaluation of Gatekeeper Training for Suicide Prevention in Veterans

Cited by 102 publications

References 12 publications

Personal and Professional Knowledge of and Experience With Suicide and Suicide Prevention Among Stakeholders in Clinical and Community Practice

Personal and Professional Knowledge of and Experience With Suicide and Suicide Prevention Among Stakeholders in Clinical and Community Practice

Putting program evaluation to work: a framework for creating actionable knowledge for suicide prevention practice

A Community's Response to Gatekeeper Training

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