Evaluation of frontal sinus as a growth predictor in horizontal, vertical, and average growth pattern in children from 8 to 11 years: A cephalometric study

Abstract

The growth pattern is influenced genetically, environmentally, and therapeutically. These have long been considered as vital factors in determining the success or failure of orthodontic treatment. [1][2][3][4] The ability to predict craniofacial growth pattern accurately improves the reliability of treatment planning and long-term success. [5][6][7] It is, therefore, necessary for the orthodontist to evaluate the growth pattern meticulously before initiating treatment in growing individual.Literature has given various craniofacial parameters which are successfully used as growth pattern predictors since years, such as mandibular plane angle, occlusal plane angle, Y axis, and mandibular morphology. [7][8][9][10][11] Though various indicators are available as a predictor of growth patterns, limited parameters have been shown to enhance the orthodontist's ability to predict the growth pattern. As suggested by Ruf and Pancherz [12] the somatic maturity stage can be considered rather accurate with the frontal sinus development. Furthermore, Rossouw et al. [13] stated that the frontal sinus as seen on a lateral cephalogram is a valuable indicator for assessing mandibular growth. Its role in diagnosis will thereby help the clinician in his attempt to attain excellent treatment results.Frontal sinus is not visible radiographically until the age of 5 years. [4] By the 6 th year, they can be demonstrated radiographically and grow larger in size by late adolescence. [14] Rapid growth of the sinuses continues until the age of 12 years when they reach nearly adult size. Tanner [1] found that the annual height (stature) growth increments in children reached a

A CBCT based analysis of the correlation between volumetric morphology of the frontal sinuses and the facial growth pattern in caucasian subjects. A cross-sectional study

“…Based on a literature research performed on Pubmed, Scopus and EbSco by the authors it was evinced that there are a limited number of papers [ 26 , 27 ] investigating the relationship between frontal sinus size and cephalometric characteristics performed with three-dimensional imaging technique. Most of the researches have been performed using bidimensional radiographs such as lateral cephalograms and posteroanterior radiogram [ 28 , 29 ].…”

An evaluation of craniofacial growth pattern in North Indian children

“…The typical findings in subjects with thalessemia are a class II skeletal pattern, short cranial base length, short cranial length, short mandible, increased anterior and reduced posterior vertical dimensions and severe facial disfigurement as narrated by Alhaija et al 21 Bone age was delayed in protein energy malabsorption and males were affected more than females in accordance with studies of Tanner et al 22 and Frisancho et al 23 Malnutrition affected the maturation of the skeleton more than the teeth as confirmed by Steward et al 18 and Garn et al 19 According to a recent study conducted by Nathani et al, 24 frontal sinus can also be used as predictor for evaluation of growth patterns. In fact it has been found to be more reliable than maxillary sinus in assessment of different types of malocclusions.…”

Evaluation of Dimensional Changes in Maxillary and Frontal Sinus in Adult Patients With Anterior Open Bite and Normal Overbite: A Retrospective Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study

“…This is because of the poor transmission of occlusal forces along the trajectories of nasal pillars and reduced muscular activity. The increased frontal sinus size was associated with a reduced inclination of the anterior cranial base, increased anterior facial height, and gonial angle [ 14 - 16 ]. Goymen et al [ 17 ] could not find any relevance between the growth pattern and the size of the sinuses.…”