Evaluation of Four Different Analytical Tools to Determine the Regional Origin of Gastrodia elata and Rehmannia glutinosa on the Basis of Metabolomics Study

Abstract

Chemical profiles of medicinal plants could be dissimilar depending on the cultivation environments, which may influence their therapeutic efficacy. Accordingly, the regional origin of the medicinal plants should be authenticated for correct evaluation of their medicinal and market values. Metabolomics has been found very useful for OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2014, 19 6295 discriminating the origin of many plants. Choosing the adequate analytical tool can be an essential procedure because different chemical profiles with different detection ranges will be produced according to the choice. In this study, four analytical tools, Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR), 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were applied in parallel to the same samples of two popular medicinal plants (Gastrodia elata and Rehmannia glutinosa) cultivated either in Korea or China. The classification abilities of four discriminant models for each plant were evaluated based on the misclassification rate and Q 2 obtained from principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), respectively. 1 H-NMR and LC-MS, which were the best techniques for G. elata and R. glutinosa, respectively, were generally preferable for origin discrimination over the others. Reasoned by integrating all the results, 1 H-NMR is the most prominent technique for discriminating the origins of two plants. Nonetheless, this study suggests that preliminary screening is essential to determine the most suitable analytical tool and statistical method, which will ensure the dependability of metabolomics-based discrimination.

Accurate discrimination of Gastrodia elata from different geographical origins using high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with boosting partial least‐squares discriminant analysis

“…By searching previous literatures, we found that the studies of Lee and Zuo were similar to ours. However, these three studies were not completely consistent.…”

Discrimination of Gastrodia elata from Different Geographical Origin for Quality Evaluation Using Newly-Build Near Infrared Spectrum Coupled with Multivariate Analysis

“…Currently, the approaches for detecting the origin of G. elata are mainly sensory analysis and analytical methods. The former depends basically on the experience and personal emotion of G. elata , which is not objective and lacks scientific understanding; the latter is restricted to the detection of a few active components using methods such as HPLC(LC-MS), GC(GC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], which are often labor-intensive, expensive, time-consuming and require large amounts of organic solvent. In the end, the quality value of the tested sample is determined as “qualified” or “unqualified” according to the presenting acceptance criteria [ 10 ].…”

Comparison on Bioactivities and Characteristics of Polysaccharides From Four Varieties of Gastrodia elata Blume

“…It has been recorded in ancient China, and its dry tubers are commonly used as medicine (Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2015). It is currently planted in East Asian nations (e.g., China, Japan, South Korea, and India) (Lee et al, 2014). G. elata is largely adopted to treat dizziness, cancer, depression, epilepsy, convulsion, inflammation, liver protection, anti-aging, neuroprotection, and other diseases (Chen J. et al, 2016;Chen L. et al, 2016;Zhan et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2017;Lin et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2020).…”