Evaluation of Forward Fall on the Outstretched Hand Using MADYMO Human Body Model

Rajaei, Nader; Abdolshah, Saeed; Akiyama, Yasuhiro; Yamada, Yoji; Okamoto, Shogo

doi:10.1109/biorob.2018.8487616

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Several groups have employed a range of computational approaches in trying to determine internal tissue loading corresponding to fall events including finite element models, 53 , 54 spring-mass-damper lumped force models, 55 and rigid body dynamic simulations. 18 , 30 , 56 Each approach provides insights into tissue loading and injury risk; however, we are becoming increasingly aware of the need for these models to capture individual variability instead of a single generic computational model to accurately capture tissue mechanics. In this study, we found that default joint stiffness values for the human models needed to be scaled from 0.87 to 3.28 times the original values in order to match each fall’s kinematics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact forces in backward falls: Subject-specific video-based rigid body simulation of backward falls

Khorami,

Obaid,

Bhatnagar

et al. 2023

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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A critical missing component in the study of real-world falls is the ability to accurately determine impact forces resulting from the fall. Subject-specific rigid body dynamic (RBD) models calibrated to video captured falls can quantify impact forces and provide additional insights into injury risk factors. RBD models were developed based on five backward falls captured on surveillance video in long-term care facilities in British Columbia, Canada. Model joint stiffness and initial velocities were calibrated to match the kinematics of the fall and contact forces were calculated. The effect of joint stiffnesses (neck, lumbar spine, hip, and knee joint) on head contact forces were determined by modifying the calibrated stiffness values ±25%. Fall duration, fall trajectories, and maximum velocities showed a close match between fall events and simulations. The maximum value of pelvic velocity difference between Kinovea (an open-source software 2D digitization software) and Madymo multibody modeling was found to be 6% ± 21.58%. Our results demonstrate that neck and hip stiffness values have a non-significant yet large effect on head contact force ( t(3) = 1, p = 0.387 and t(3) = 2, p = 0.138), while lower effects were observed for knee stiffness, and the effect of lumbar spine stiffness was negligible. The subject-specific fall simulations constructed from real world video captured falls allow for direct quantification of force outcomes of falls and may have applications in improving the assessment of fall-induced injury risks and injury prevention methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact forces in backward falls: Subject-specific video-based rigid body simulation of backward falls

Khorami,

Obaid,

Bhatnagar

et al. 2023

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…The experimental results provided in this study provide valuable calibration and validation data for computational models of falls onto outstretched hands [ 94 ] In rigid-body dynamics simulations of falls, modelers use tissue properties to describe impacts between the body and other objects [ 95 , 96 ]. The energy absorbed found in this study could help to validate the hysteresis response of the tissue which is important for quantifying the degree of elasticity or inelasticity in the impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fracture risk of the wrist depends on the magnitude and distribution of forces applied to the palmar surface and on the soft tissue response of the palm [10][11][12][13]. Increasingly, computational models [14][15][16] and crash test dummies [17][18][19][20] are being used to simulate falls to quantify impact mechanics and define injury risk; however, these models are limited by a lack of accurate soft tissue properties. Characterizing the in vivo response of the palmar soft tissue will help us better simulate fall mechanics, quantify injury risk and identify opportunities for injury prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo soft tissue compressive properties of the human hand

et al. 2021

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Background/Purpose Falls onto outstretched hands are the second most common sports injury and one of the leading causes of upper extremity injury. Injury risk and severity depends on forces being transmitted through the palmar surface to the upper extremity. Although the magnitude and distribution of forces depend on the soft tissue response of the palm, the in vivo properties of palmar tissue have not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to characterize the large deformation palmar soft tissue properties. Methods In vivo dynamic indentations were conducted on 15 young adults (21–29 years) to quantify the soft tissue characteristics of over the trapezium. The effects of loading rate, joint position, tissue thickness and sex on soft tissue responses were assessed. Results Energy absorbed by the soft tissue and peak force were affected by loading rate and joint angle. Energy absorbed was 1.7–2.8 times higher and the peak force was 2–2.75 times higher at high rate loading than quasistatic rates. Males had greater energy absorbed than females but not at all wrist positions. Damping characteristics were the highest in the group with the thickest soft tissue while damping characteristics were the lowest in group with the thinnest soft tissues. Conclusion Palmar tissue response changes with joint position, loading rate, sex, and tissue thickness. Accurately capturing these tissue responses is important for developing effective simulations of fall and injury biomechanics and assessing the effectiveness of injury prevention strategies.

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“…27,29,30 For fall events, impact velocity and impact location were determined using video of the event from sport and through full-body computer simulation using MADYMO software to estimate the fall mechanics likely to have occurred from the medical report descriptions. 5,10,27,29–33 The characteristics for each of the 72 significant head impact cases are described per impact event in Table 1. This table provides a summary of the impact velocities, impact masses, and compliance for each of the different impact events.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, collisions typically involve a padded shoulder or elbow impact to the helmeted head where both the striking object and struck object have protective layers and are free to move post-impact. 3,[6][7][8][9][10] Ice hockey is also unique in that fighting at the junior and professional levels is common where fighting increases the likelihood of concussive injuries. 2 Combative sports, such as boxing and mixed-martial arts (MMAs), with the goal of delivering "knockout" blows to their opponent, are also highrisk sports for concussive injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accident reconstructions of falls, collisions, and punches in sports

Kendall

Oeur

Brien³

et al. 2020

Journal of Concussion

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Objective Impacts to the head are the primary cause of concussive injuries in sport and can occur in a multitude of different environments. Each event is composed of combinations of impact characteristics (striking velocity, impact mass, and surface compliance) that present unique loading conditions on the head and brain. The purpose of this study was to compare falls, collisions, and punches from accident reconstructions of sports-related head impacts using linear, rotational accelerations and maximal principal strain of brain tissue from finite element simulation. Methods This study compared four types of head impact events through reconstruction. Seventy-two head impacts were taken from medical reports of accidental falls and game video of ice hockey, American football, and mixed-martial arts. These were reconstructed using physical impact systems to represent helmeted and unhelmeted falls, player-to-player collisions, and punches to the head. Head accelerations were collected using a Hybrid III headform and were input into a finite element brain model used to approximate strain in the cerebrum associated with the external loading conditions. Results Significant differences ( p < 0.01) were found for peak linear and rotational accelerations magnitudes (30–300 g and 3.2–7.8 krad/s2) and pulse durations between all impact event types characterized by unique impact parameters. The only exception was found where punch impacts and helmeted falls had similar rotational durations. Regression analysis demonstrated that increases to strain from unhelmeted falls were significantly influenced by both linear and rotational accelerations, meanwhile helmeted falls, punches, and collisions were influenced by rotational accelerations alone. Conclusion This report illustrates that the four distinct impact events created unique peak head kinematics and brain tissue strain values. These distinct patterns of head acceleration characteristics suggest that it is important to keep in mind that head injury can occur from a range of low to high acceleration magnitudes and that impact parameters (surface compliance, striking velocity, and impact mass) play an important role on the duration-dependent tolerance to impact loading.

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Evaluation of Forward Fall on the Outstretched Hand Using MADYMO Human Body Model

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Impact forces in backward falls: Subject-specific video-based rigid body simulation of backward falls

Impact forces in backward falls: Subject-specific video-based rigid body simulation of backward falls

In vivo soft tissue compressive properties of the human hand

Accident reconstructions of falls, collisions, and punches in sports

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