Evaluation of fluoride release from experimental TiF4 and NaF varnishes in vitro

Abstract

Fluoride varnishes play an important role in the prevention of dental caries, promoting the inhibition of demineralization and the increase of remineralization.Objective This study aimed to analyze the amount of fluoride released into water and artificial saliva from experimental TiF4 and NaF varnishes, with different concentrations, for 12 h. Material and Methods Fluoride varnishes were applied on acrylic blocks and then immersed in 10 ml of deionized water and artificial saliva in polystyrene bottles. The acrylic blocks were divided in seven groups (n=10): 1.55% TiF4 varnish (0.95% F, pH 1.0); 3.10% TiF4 varnish (1.90% F, pH 1.0); 3.10% and 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45% F, pH 1.0); 2.10% NaF varnish (0.95% F, pH 5.0); 4.20% NaF varnish (1.90% F, pH 5.0); 5.42% NaF varnish (2.45% F, pH 5.0) and control (no treatment, n=5). The fluoride release was analyzed after 1/2, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h of exposure. The analysis was performed using an ion-specific electrode coupled to a potentiometer. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test were applied for the statistical analysis (p<0.05). Results TiF4 varnishes released larger amounts of fluoride than NaF varnishes during the first 1/2 h, regardless of their concentration; 4% TiF4 varnish released more fluoride than NaF varnishes for the first 6 h. The peak of fluoride release occurred at 3 h. There was a better dose-response relationship among the varnishes exposed to water than to artificial saliva. Conclusions The 3.10% and 4% TiF4 -based varnishes have greater ability to release fluoride into water and artificial saliva compared to NaF varnish; however, more studies must be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of TiF4 varnish on tooth surface.

Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Propolis Fluoride Varnish Application on Dentin Within 60 Days

“…This conclusion is supported by previous research, which states that products that increase fluoride ion concentrations will also increase remineralization potential and produce bioavailability of fluoride ion concentration in saliva [10]. The application of fluoride varnish may lead to the formation of a calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) layer in enamel, which can be a mineral reservoir and releases fluoride while caries are forming [8].…”

“…Fluoride levels influence the incidence of caries overtime. The low fluoride ion levels in saliva, approximately 0.04 ppm, provide a strong protective effect against dental caries [8]. Therefore, low levels of fluoride in saliva are an important parameter when looking at the effectiveness of fluoride agents.…”

Mechanism of Action of TiF₄ on Dental Enamel Surface: SEM/EDX, KOH-Soluble F, and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

“…It is already known that the amounts of alkali-soluble fluoride on enamel increase with a pH decrease [Saxegaard and Rölla, 1988]. Furthermore, Comar et al [2014] demonstrated that TiF 4 varnish has the ability to release more fluoride than NaF varnish in water and saliva (Klimek formulae) due to its low pH, providing more F to react with enamel. Previous studies have shown that the protective effect of TiF 4 is dependent on its low pH for enamel erosion protection [Wiegand et al, 2009;Hove et al, 2011].…”

In Vitro Evaluation of Fluoride in Saliva After Topical Application of Professional Use Products

“…Products that promote greater fluoride release overtime are effective in preventing and controlling dental caries [2,14]. Therefore, determining the fluoride concentration present in saliva after topical application of professional use products in necessary to assess their efficacy [6,[14][15][16].…”