Evaluation of Flight Trajectory and Unsteady Fluid Forces on Kicked Non-Spinning Soccer Ball by Digital Image Analysis

Abstract

This paper describes the experimental method for evaluating the flight trajectory and the aerodynamic performance of a kicked non-spinning soccer ball. The flight trajectory measurement is carried out using the digital image analysis. A centroid method and a template matching method are tested for the flight trajectory analysis using the artificial images generated by the data of a free-fall experiment. The drag coefficient obtained by the centroid method is better suited for the sports ball experiment than that by the template matching method, which is due to the robustness of the centroid method to the non-uniform illumination. Then, the flight trajectory analysis is introduced to a kicked experiment for a non-spinning soccer ball. The experimental result obtained from the stereo observation indicates that the S-shaped variation is found in the three-dimensional flight trajectory and in the side force coefficient during the flight of the nonspinning soccer ball.

Study of soccer ball flight trajectory

“…For one big part of papers it is assumed that the fluid environment is under steady state conditions and the soccer ball moves with a certain speed in it. Here the theoretical knowledge of aerodynamics is complemented and refined by modern experiments [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”