“…Recently, some clinical studies have argued that the onset of foot pathologies such as hallux valgus might be related to the torsional pattern of the MT heads (Okuda et al, ; Mortier et al, ). This argument seems to be reasonable, as hallux valgus is generally associated with flattening of the longitudinal arch (Mann and Coughlin, ; Kalen and Brecher, ; Jahss, ; Komeda et al, ; Kimura et al, ), and the flatness of the foot might be linked to the torsional pattern of the MT heads, as noted above. If this understanding is correct, it is expected that the torsional pattern of the MT heads may alter with aging, because the prevalence of hallux valgus, and flatfoot deformity, increases with age, particularly in women (Caselli and George, ; Coughlin and Jones, ; Chaiwanichsiri et al, ; Cho et al, ; Nguyen et al, ; Nix et al, ; Dufour et al, ; Kimura et al, ).…”