Evaluation of fire-retardant properties of edge-jointed lumber from tropical fast-growing woods using cone calorimetry and a standard fire test

Subyakto, Subyakto; Subiyanto, Bambang; Hata, Toshimitsu; Kawai, Shinya

doi:10.1007/s10086-002-0473-y

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The presence of ceramic-like char on the surface can restrict both heat and oxygen transfer into the sample, thereby slowing the combustion reaction. 20,21 However, Figure 8B and Table 5 indicate THR of the GC is lower than those of CPGCs.…”

Section: Ignitibility Heat Release and Smoke Productionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…12,13 The orientation of samples in cone calorimeter can be horizontal [13][14][15] or vertical. 14,16,17 The cone calorimeter is also modified with the use of additional thermocouples to measure temperatures at different depths inside specimens, 18,19 at the exposed/ unexposed surfaces of the specimen 20 or at the junction between the coating and the metal substrate. 21 Building standards for Australia, New Zealand, and Japan permit the use of the cone calorimeter to evaluate materials for lining and insulation in horizontal orientation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessing the combustibility of claddings: A comparative study of the modified cone calorimeter method and cylindrical furnace test

et al. 2021

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A cone calorimeter, a standard device to measure the fire reaction properties of materials, is modified in this study to investigate its potential to replace the cylindrical furnace test method to assess the combustibility of cladding materials used in buildings. The modification allows cladding materials to be evaluated under conditions closer to their end-use configuration than the current testing condition in the cylindrical furnace test. In addition, the modified cone calorimeter method provides more quantitative data on the fire reaction properties of the cladding materials compared to the passed/failed indicator in the cylindrical furnace test. Comparative studies between modified cone calorimeter and cylindrical furnace test results for four types of cladding with different combustibility properties are performed. The surface temperature, time-to-ignition, and flaming duration values measured for the claddings using the two test methods are similar, leading to the same classification based on AS 1530.1 standard. Other fire reaction properties of the claddings can be measured using the modified cone calorimeter method, which is not possible with the cylindrical furnace test, including mass loss rate, heat release rate, and smoke production, which are particularly dependent on the formation of a ceramiclike carbonaceous layer of tested samples.

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Section: Ignitibility Heat Release and Smoke Productionmentioning

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the combustibility of claddings: A comparative study of the modified cone calorimeter method and cylindrical furnace test

et al. 2021

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“…Suhu 260 °C merupakan titik kritis pada degradasi komponen selulosa kayu dalam kebakaran Subyakto et al 2003). Kayu jati dengan Gambar 3.…”

Section: Waktu Mencapai 260 °Cunclassified

“…Perlakuan pelapisan CFR pada kayu meranti merah dan jati berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kecepatan kehilangan berat mencapai 0,40 g/detik pada tahap awal uji pembakaran, yang diikuti dengan peningkatan kecepatan kehilangan berat secara perlahan. Subyakto et al (2003) melaporkan kecenderungan kurva kecepatan kehilangan berat dengan tren yang relatif sama, yaitu nilai kecepatan kehilangan berat meningkat tajam di awal uji bakar kemudian menurun dan relatif sama hingga waktu 600 detik pada sengon atau 900 detik pada gmelina, setelah itu diikuti kenaikan yang tajam dan menurun hingga pengujian selesai.…”

Section: Kecepatan Kehilangan Beratunclassified

Sifat Ketahanan Api dan Degradasi Panas Tiga Jenis Kayu Dilapisi Arang Kayu Sengon

Sulistyo

Marsoem

Listyanto

et al. 2020

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

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Kayu sebagai biomaterial memiliki sifat yang tidak menguntungkan yaitu kayu dapat terbakar. Kebakaran dalam rumah dengan kostruksi material kayu membahayakan keselamatan jiwa manusia. Upaya telah dilakukan dalam mencegah kebakaran dengan meningkatan daya tahan material kayu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengembangkan material tahan api berbasis karbon (CFR) dari arang kayu sengon. Efektifitas CFR dari arang sengon untuk meningkatkan ketahanan api pada kayu jati, meranti merah dan pinus dipelajari. CFR dibuat melalui pencampuran serbuk arang sengon berukuran 10 mesh dan perekat PVAC dengan perbandingan (60:40), kemudian dikempa pada suhu 80 °C dengan tekanan 70 MPa selama 15 menit sehingga diperoleh lembaran komposit karbon berukuran 4 mm x 18 cm x 18 cm. Kayu jati, meranti merah dan pinus yang dilapisi dengan lembaran CFR diuji ketahanan terhadap api melalui pengumpanan pada api selama 1500 detik berdasarkan metode ASTM E 69-02 dengan modifikasi. Lembaran CFR dari arang sengon efektif untuk meningkatkan ketahanan api ketiga jenis kayu. Keberadaan lapisan CFR pada permukaan kayu efektif berfungsi sebagai solid material penghambat yang mampu memblok panas dari api dan melindungi dari terjadinya degradasi material kayu, yang ditunjukan dengan persentase luas penampang melintang yang tidak terbakar pada jati CFR sebesar 68,6% yang lebih besar dibanding jati kontrol sebesar 57,9%, rendahnya persentase kehilangan berat pada kayu pinus CFR dan meranti merah CFR sebesar 50,56% dan 26,57% dibandingkan kontrolnya sebesar 76,98% dan 30,72%, dan perubahan berat yang relatif sama dengan kontrol pada kayu jati dan meranti merah sampai 700-1.160 detik. Fire Retardancy Properties and Thermal Degradation of Three Timber Species Overlayed by Sengon Wood CharcoalAbstractWood as biomaterial poses unfavorable property that is wood can burn. Fire disaster in wooden houses threaten human lifes. Efforts have been implemented to improve fire retardancy properties of timbers for wooden houses. This research was carried out to develop carbon-based fire-retardant materials (CFR) overlay on three timber species. The effectiveness of carbon-based fire-retardant material from sengon charcoal to improve fire resistance in teak, red meranti and pine timbers was studied. The CFR materials were prepared by mixing 10 mesh sengon charcoal powder and PVAC adhesive with a ratio (w/w) 0f 60:40 followed by a hot pressing at a temperature of 80 °C with a pressure of 70 MPa for 15 minutes resulting 4 mm x 18 cm x 18 cm carbon sheets. Teak, red meranti and pine timbers overlayed by CFR sheet from sengon charcoal were tested through feeding on fire for 1500 seconds based on ASTM E 6-02 method with a modification. CFR sheets from sengon charcoal were effective to improve the fire resistance of the three species of timbers. CFR overlayed on timber surface was functioned as solid barrier material which was able to block thermal from fire and protected timber from thermal degradation showing by lesser percentage of cross section unburning area on teak CFR i.e. 68.6% than that of teak control i.e. 57.9%, lower percentage of weight loss on pinus CFR and red meranti CFR i.e. 50.56% and 26.57% respectively comparing with the controls i.e. 76.98% and 30.72%, and similar values of weight change percentage between teak CFR and red meranti CFR with the control until 700-1,160 s.

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“…6 As for wood lumber with thickness less than 20 mm, fire resistance in a laboratory scale exposure furnace was compared with the results of the cone calorimeter test. 7 However, there is little information about the fire resistance of thick engineered woodbased board like plywood, 8 PB, and MDF in the full-scale…”

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confidence: 99%

Fire resistance of thick wood-based boards

2006

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Thick wood-based boards are used as construction materials for walls and floors in Japan. In this study, fire resistance tests (ISO 834-1) and cone calorimeter tests (ISO 5660-1) were conducted for thick plywood, particleboard, and medium density fiberboard with sample thicknesses of about 28-30 mm, and their suitabilities for quasi-fireproof or fire-preventive structures were evaluated. In the ISO 834-1 fire resistance test, the heat-shielding performance (insulation criterion) for walls was evaluated and the results showed that the larger the apparent density of a woodbased board, the higher its insulation performance. The insulation performance of thick wood-based boards in the fire resistance test could be forecast from the results of the cone calorimeter test, especially when the second peak of heat release rate appeared. In the cone calorimeter tests, the surface layer density of the plywood, particleboard, and medium density fiberboard was the dominant parameter for the time to ignition and initial heat release rate. These results indicate that thick wood-based board is a suitable fire-preventive construction material.

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Evaluation of fire-retardant properties of edge-jointed lumber from tropical fast-growing woods using cone calorimetry and a standard fire test

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Assessing the combustibility of claddings: A comparative study of the modified cone calorimeter method and cylindrical furnace test

Assessing the combustibility of claddings: A comparative study of the modified cone calorimeter method and cylindrical furnace test

Sifat Ketahanan Api dan Degradasi Panas Tiga Jenis Kayu Dilapisi Arang Kayu Sengon

Fire resistance of thick wood-based boards

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