Evaluation of fertility outcome as a consequence of intravaginal inoculation with sperm-impairing micro-organisms in a mouse model

Vander, Harpreet; Prabha, Vijay

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000036

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These fertility studies suggest that presence of SIF in vagina may transform the female genital tract into a hostile milieu for spermatozoa and could play an important role in stimulation of infertility. These results are in concordance with earlier studies performed in our laboratory wherein sperm-impairing Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and S.marcescens were shown to cause infertility without producing any adverse effects in female BALB/c mice[10][11][12]. From the above mentioned preliminary observations obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that SIF isolated and purifi ed from a fungus i.e.…”

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confidence: 94%

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Sperm immobilization factor of Candida albicans: A proposed mechanism of infertility in female mice

Kumari¹,

Chauhan²,

Thaper³

et al. 2020

Glob J Fertil Res

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This transformation from normal harmless commensal to dangerous pathogen is due to slight alteration in the physiological state of the host (long term antibiotic treatment and compromised local immune/barrier defence) [2]. C. albicans possesses various virulence attributes that contribute to general survival, fi tness and persistence within the host cell as well as specifi c factors associated with adhesion, invasion, cell damage and induction/evasion of host response (Calderone and Fonzi) [3]. Adhesion is one of the essential step for colonization and establishment of Candida infections in the host cell and it is accomplished by various adhesins [4]. Following this invasion fungal hydrolases drive the active penetration of fungus into the host cells [5]. Another important feature of C. albicans is its ability to form biofi lm and phenotypic switching, one of the important virulence determinants which play an important role in its pathogenesis [6]. Along with the infection C. albicans has also been associated with sperm impairing property [7-9]. The sperm impairment is not only due to the culture, but the soluble factors of fungal metabolism (SFFM) as well as its quorum sensing molecule, farnesol which directly affect human sperm parameters [9]. In an earlier work done in our laboratory, infertility as a consequence of intravaginal inoculation with sperm impairing S. aureus, E. coli, S. marcescens and their corresponding factors has been observed [10-12]. Apart from bacterial strains, the fungus strain, C. albicans also resulted in loss of fertility in female mice. Except infertility, no other clinical manifestation could be seen apparently or histologically. Therefore, the mechanism for infertility was conjectured to be the sperm immobilization property of C.

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confidence: 94%

“…Glob J Fertil Res 5(1): 001-006. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/gjfr.000014mice as a result of intravaginal administration of sperm immobilizing fungal uropathogen, C. albicans[12]. Hence, interest was generated to isolate and purify its corresponding sperm immobilizing factor and evaluate its role in fertility outcome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm immobilization factor of Candida albicans: A proposed mechanism of infertility in female mice

Kumari¹,

Chauhan²,

Thaper³

et al. 2020

Glob J Fertil Res

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“…Although studies have shown that C. albicans have sperm immobilizing activity, how much of this actually contributes to infertility is not yet determined. [ 20 21 ] A previous study done by Vander et al in mice showed that when sperm immobilizing strains of C. albicans were intravaginally injected in female mice, it showed a decrease in fertility in all groups as compared to control mice. [ 20 ] However, they did not cause clinical and histopathological changes in the genital tract of mice, thus showing that their colonization in the genital tract might impair sperm motility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of nonviral reproductive tract infections/sexually transmitted infections in female patients with cervicovaginal discharge: Excerpts from a regional reference center in North India

Sethi

Sharma

et al. 2022

Indian J Sex Transm Dis

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Background: To study the prevalence of common nonviral reproductive tract infections/sexually transmitted infections (RTI/STI) prevailing among females who presented to our regional STI reference center and to ascertain the association of various symptoms with different RTI/STIs. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of female patients presenting to our STI Regional center located in the Department of Medical Microbiology in PGIMER, Chandigarh, was done between April 2018 and December 2019 for patients presenting with cervico-vaginal discharge. Two to three swabs were collected from each patient. The first swab was subjected to wet mount, gram stain, Potassium hydroxide (KOH) test, and culture on blood agar, the colonies obtained were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI TOF-MS). Second swab was used for DNA extraction and detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) , Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) by polymerase chain reaction. The third swab, when available, was inoculated onto pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) broth. Results: One thousand and thirteenth of 1472 (69%) female patients were symptomatic and the most common presenting symptoms were vaginal discharge (707/1013 [69.8%]), infertility (266/1013 [26.2%]), genital itching (60/1013 [5.9%]), lower abdomen pain (47/1013 [4.6%]) and burning micturition (16/1013 [1.6%]). The most prevalent RTI/STI was bacterial vaginosis (BV) 18.2% (269/1472), followed by vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) 6.8% (100/1472) and trichomoniasis (TV) 1.9% (28/1472). Five cases each of Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum , three of NG and one of CT were also identified. Coinfections were seen in 40 (2.7%) cases. The most common causative agent responsible for VVC in our study was Candida albicans (65%). Conclusion: RTI/STIs were common among women and 69% were symptomatic. BV was the most common STI present in 18.2%, followed by VVC (6.8%) and trichomoniasis (1.9%).

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“…We deliberately avoid discussing mechanisms in any real detail here, since our purpose is merely to show that semen is commonly infected with microbes, whose presence might well lead to PE. However, we were very struck by the ability of Escherichia coli and other organisms ( 440 , 448 , 471 ) actually to immobilize sperm [e.g., Ref. ( 472 – 475 )].…”

Section: Microbiology Of Semenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father†

Kenny

Kell

2018

Front. Med.

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Although it is widely considered, in many cases, to involve two separable stages (poor placentation followed by oxidative stress/inflammation), the precise originating causes of preeclampsia (PE) remain elusive. We have previously brought together some of the considerable evidence that a (dormant) microbial component is commonly a significant part of its etiology. However, apart from recognizing, consistent with this view, that the many inflammatory markers of PE are also increased in infection, we had little to say about immunity, whether innate or adaptive. In addition, we focused on the gut, oral and female urinary tract microbiomes as the main sources of the infection. We here marshall further evidence for an infectious component in PE, focusing on the immunological tolerance characteristic of pregnancy, and the well-established fact that increased exposure to the father’s semen assists this immunological tolerance. As well as these benefits, however, semen is not sterile, microbial tolerance mechanisms may exist, and we also review the evidence that semen may be responsible for inoculating the developing conceptus (and maybe the placenta) with microbes, not all of which are benign. It is suggested that when they are not, this may be a significant cause of PE. A variety of epidemiological and other evidence is entirely consistent with this, not least correlations between semen infection, infertility and PE. Our view also leads to a series of other, testable predictions. Overall, we argue for a significant paternal role in the development of PE through microbial infection of the mother via insemination.

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Evaluation of fertility outcome as a consequence of intravaginal inoculation with sperm-impairing micro-organisms in a mouse model

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Sperm immobilization factor of Candida albicans: A proposed mechanism of infertility in female mice

Sperm immobilization factor of Candida albicans: A proposed mechanism of infertility in female mice

Prevalence of nonviral reproductive tract infections/sexually transmitted infections in female patients with cervicovaginal discharge: Excerpts from a regional reference center in North India

Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father†

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