Evaluation of fatigue-loaded steel samples using fusion of electromagnetic methods

Sensor Fusion for Electromagnetic Stress Measurement and Material Characterisation

“…As 3MA is a commercial system, exact details of the 3MA operational parameters are not available, but it is implied in the literature that variations in excitation field strength and frequency is used to control measurement depth and the measured parameters are combined using a multiple regression technique. Chady et al have assessed the comparative strengths of MBE, ECT, flux leakage and Hysteresis loop measurement for the characterisation of fatigue failure through cyclic dynamic loading of S355J2G3 structural steel (14) . Pixel level fusion of the scan results from the different inspection techniques was performed and it was found that fusion of all the signals creates opportunity to detect and evaluate quantitatively a level of material degradation.…”

Observation of Material Degradation under Fatigue and Static Loading Condition Using Selected Electromagnetic NDT Methods

“…In case of the magnetic materials various testing techniques can be considered e.g. : leakage flux observations, Barkhausen effect, magnetoelastic methods, magnetoacoustic emission, macroscopic B-H curve measurement, eddy current and a laser speckle interferometry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Previously, results of electromagnetic testing of stress loaded steel samples and observation of fatigue failures forming under cyclic dynamic loading were presented [1,2].…”

“…: leakage flux observations, Barkhausen effect, magnetoelastic methods, magnetoacoustic emission, macroscopic B-H curve measurement, eddy current and a laser speckle interferometry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Previously, results of electromagnetic testing of stress loaded steel samples and observation of fatigue failures forming under cyclic dynamic loading were presented [1,2]. Construction elements are subjected to varying conditions as a consequence of constant and alternating loads.…”

Research of On-Line Detection Apparatus for Industrial Steel Wire Rope

“…Safety accident may occur as the manufacturing quality, using conditions and environmental factors of steel wire ropes are different, so, the development of the stable steel wire rope inspector is very necessary. Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) [3] methods are widely used in the testing of the ferromagnetic materials, and the magnetic leakage flux method is one type of them.…”