Evaluation of factors influencing diffusion of pollutant loads in urban highway runoff

Shinya, Masanao; Tsuruho, Kenshiro; Konishi, T.; Ishikawa, Masaru

doi:10.2166/wst.2003.0693

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Zinc was found to increase with antecedent dry period. • Shinya, et al (2003) evaluated the factors influencing highway pollutant loads associated with urban highway runoff. Particulates tended to be washed off in heavier rainfall.…”

Section: Other Accumulation and Washoff Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Historical Street Dust and Dirt Accumulation and Washoff Data

Pitt

Williamson

Voorhees³

et al. 2005

JWMM

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Many complex models that utilize continuous simulation (SWMM, HSPF, SLAMM, SIMPTM, etc.) require information pertaining to the accumulation rate of pollutants on the land surfaces. This is one of the most perplexing issues in stormwater modeling. A representation of the accumulation rates is usually obtained through trial and error during calibration, with little, if any, actual direct measurements. Historically, direct measurements have been misapplied in modeling applications, resulting in unreasonable model predictions. Many modelers therefore forego accumulation rate data, preferring to back into values from outfall observations. This approach makes it very difficult to correctly predict the sources of stormwater pollutants in urban areas and to make reasonable stormwater management decisions using source area controls. This dilemma has come about due to a major misinterpretation of previously collected field data: the assumption that street dirt loadings are zero after most rains. With the correct understanding and modeling of the washoff process, the vast amount of historically collected accumulation data becomes an important modeling resource. This Chapter presents a summary of this useful information. This information has been used in Pitt and Voorhees' Source Loading and Management Model (SLAMM) and variations have been used in Sutherland's Simple Particulate Transport Model (SIMPTM) to more accurately predict these important source area processes. Relatively simple modifications can be made to other continuous models that utilize accumulation and washoff functions for more accurate and complete stormwater control predictions.

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Section: Other Accumulation and Washoff Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Historical Street Dust and Dirt Accumulation and Washoff Data

Pitt

Williamson

Voorhees³

et al. 2005

JWMM

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“…Also, PM-bound P can potentially partition back to the aqueous phase under variable pH and redox conditions thereby acting as a DP reservoir for algal growth (Chen and Sheng 2005;Sansalone et al 2010a;Scarlatos 1997). Mechanisms of partitioning to PM range from physical adsorption, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, and chemical adsorption (Berkheiser et al 1980;Holtan et al 1988;Shinya et al 2003;Zhou et al 2005). Suspended P can include precipitates of P formed with cations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation and Transport of Phosphorus in Source Area Rainfall–Runoff

Berretta

Sansalone

2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Phosphorus (P) delivered by urban rainfall-runoff partitions and speciates during the transport process. This study examines transport and speciation of P in rainfall and runoff across 15 wet weather events from a paved source area dominated by biogenic loads and to a lesser degree, anthropogenic loads. The mean and median event-based source area total phosphorus is 3.6 and 3.5 mg/l, respectively. The mean and median event-based source area dissolved fraction (f d ) are 0.31 and 0.32 illustrating that P is predominately bound to particulate matter fractions. The majority of events across the monitoring campaign produce a weak mass-limited transport of dissolved phosphorus (DP). With respect to the DP fraction in runoff (pH range of 6.4 to 8.6), the dominant species are orthophosphates (HPO 4 −2 and H 2 PO 4 − ) which account for more than 90% of DP mass. The order of species predominance is consistently HPO 4 −2 ≈H 2 PO 4 − >>CaHPO 4 >MgHPO 4 . With rainfall pH ranging from 4.2 to 4.9 and a f d ≈1.0, H 2 PO 4 − accounts for 95% to 99% of DP in rainfall.Despite the inherent variability of a large dataset (362 samples across 15 events) the speciation of DP is influenced primarily by pH, with a range from 4.2 (rainfall) up to 8.6 (runoff) that results in an order of magnitude change in P species concentration and determines the order between the dominant orthophosphate species. For this source area, the role of alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon and partitioning on DP speciation are minor compared to the influence of pH.

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“…The industrial development and the fact that most sewage and runoff penetrate into water or soil have caused pollution increase, all acting as a threat to today's world (Nouri andNaghipour, 2002 andShinya andTsuruho, 2003). Information on the water body such as pollutant generation, loading and influent is of great importance in the water quality management field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of heavy metals in urban runoff

Nabizadeh

Mahvi

Mardani

et al. 2005

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A cross-sectional survey was conducted through Tehran city and a field study was conducted to prepare main an d accessory drainage chann els map. Three main drainage channels were identified for this research and some sampling stations were chosen. Three stations selected in south of Tehran. The reason for selecting th ese stations is that all urban surface runoff completely pass through these points and samples taken from these points are representative of all kinds of pollutants that transit from city surface. Another Three stations were selected in center and further three stations were selected at north of Tehran. Surface runoff flow in three main channels, from north to south of Tehran, converge at south of Rey city and finally end up to Ghom Salt lake. The stations were chosen at three trajectories, Sorkhe Hesar, Emad Avard, Kan. At each month two samples were prepared from nine different stations. After collection of samples with respect to standard methods, they were dissolved in nitric acid and then analyzed by atomic absorption device. The results show that the concentrations of pollutants increased from north to south. For instance, Zinc had most concentration with monthly average of 0.98 mg/l and Nickel had the lowest amount with 0.02 mg/l in southern stations. Average concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni were: 0.638, 0.097, 0.04 and 0.035 mg/l respectively. Total average concentrations of heavy metals at three main channels were of 0.177, 0.176 and 0.145 mg/l. Emad Avard was the most polluted chann el.

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Evaluation of factors influencing diffusion of pollutant loads in urban highway runoff

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Review of Historical Street Dust and Dirt Accumulation and Washoff Data

Review of Historical Street Dust and Dirt Accumulation and Washoff Data

Speciation and Transport of Phosphorus in Source Area Rainfall–Runoff

Study of heavy metals in urban runoff

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