Evaluation of exposure time and visible light irradiation in LCD 3D printing of ibuprofen extended release tablets

Madžarević, Marijana; Ibrić, Svetlana

doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105688

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The DLP 3D printer used in this study was equipped with a visible-light source (400–700 nm), which offers numerous benefits over UV light, such as being more energy efficient with a reduced risk of eye damage and improved biocompatibility and functional group tolerance [ 64 , 65 , 66 ]. Here, PEGDA was selected because it is one of the most commonly used photocurable materials for biomedical applications [ 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Punctal Plugs for Controlled Ocular Drug Delivery

Awwad

Díaz-Gómez

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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Dry eye disease is a common ocular disorder that is characterised by tear deficiency or excessive tear evaporation. Current treatment involves the use of eye drops; however, therapeutic efficacy is limited because of poor ocular bioavailability of topically applied formulations. In this study, digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing was employed to develop dexamethasone-loaded punctal plugs. Punctal plugs with different drug loadings were fabricated using polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) to create a semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN). Drug-loaded punctal plugs were characterised in terms of physical characteristics (XRD and DSC), potential drug-photopolymer interactions (FTIR), drug release profile, and cytocompatibility. In vitro release kinetics of the punctal plugs were evaluated using an in-house flow rig model that mimics the subconjunctival space. The results showed sustained release of dexamethasone for up to 7 days from punctal plugs made with 20% w/w PEG 400 and 80% w/w PEGDA, while punctal plugs made with 100% PEGDA exhibited prolonged releases for more than 21 days. Herein, our study demonstrates that DLP 3D printing represents a potential manufacturing platform for fabricating personalised drug-loaded punctal plugs with extended release characteristics for ocular administration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Punctal Plugs for Controlled Ocular Drug Delivery

Awwad

Díaz-Gómez

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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“…They concluded that SLA < LCD < DLP in terms of surface bump, DLP > LCD > SLA in terms of print accuracy and DLP > SLA > LCD based on surface roughness. Madžarević and Ibrić (2021), in their study, compared the dimensional accuracy of the DLP and LCD-SLA-printed ibuprofen tablets and found that LCD-based printers are cheaper and less precise than the DLP printers. Lo Giudice et al (2021) justified the use of entry-level LCD-SLA-fabricated orthodontic models, as the inaccuracy of the part manufactured was less than 0.25 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific energy absorption during compression testing of ABS and FPU parts fabricated using LCD-SLA based 3D printer

Dave

Karumuri

Prajapati

et al. 2022

RPJ

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Purpose Liquid crystal display (LCD)-based stereolithography (SLA) technique has been used in drug delivery and fabrication of microfluidic devices and piezoelectric materials. It is an additive manufacturing technique where an LCD source has been used as a mask to project the image onto the tank filled with photo curable resin. This resin, when interacted with light, becomes solid. However, critical information regarding the energy absorption during the compression analysis of different components three-dimensional (3D) printed by SLA process is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of different process parameters on the compressive properties. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, the influence of layer thickness, infill density and build orientation on the compression properties is investigated. Four infill densities, that is, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%; five-layer thicknesses, that is, 50 µm, 75 µm, 100 µm, 150 µm and 200 µm; and two different orientations, that is, YXZ and ZXY, have been selected for this study. Findings It is observed that the samples printed with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) absorbed higher energy than the flexible polyurethane (FPU). Higher infill density and sample oriented on ZXY absorbed higher energy than sample printed on YXZ orientation, in both the ABS and FPU materials. Parts printed with 80% infill density and 200 µm layer thickness resulted into maximum energy for both the materials. Originality/value In this study, two different types of materials are used for the compression analysis using LCD-SLA-based 3D printer. Specific energy absorbed by the samples during compression testing is measured to compare the influence of parameters. The investigation of infill parameters particularly the infill density is very limited for the SLA-based 3D printing process. Also, the results of this study provide a database to select the print parameters to obtain the required properties. The results also compare the specific energy for hard and flexible material for the same combination of the process parameters.

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“…FDM and related techniques have been used for a wide range of applications and allowed the manufacturing of variously engineered solid dosage forms [9][10][11][12], while SLS has been investigated for its power to fabricate rapidly disintegrating tablets [13][14][15][16][17]. SLA and DLP 3D printing have been instead used to fabricate controlled release dosage forms, hydrogels and polypills [7,[18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, from a pharmaceutical perspective, such mechanical attributes are not desirable as orally administered dosage forms should completely break down to release their drug content and to then be eliminated with no risk of leaving tablet fragments in the gastrointestinal tract [ 35 ]. Additionally, despite the existence of biocompatible commercially available resins designed for special applications, such as dentistry [ 36 , 37 ], only a limited number of photopolymer formulations have been investigated for pharmaceutical applications [ 20 , 22 , 32 , 38 ]. Such limitations, therefore, lay the foundations for an extensive screening of photopolymer formulations and their respective evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereolithography Apparatus Evolution: Enhancing Throughput and Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Formulation Development

2021

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Pharmaceutical applications of 3D printing technologies are growing rapidly. Among these, vat photopolymerisation (VP) techniques, including Stereolithography (SLA) hold much promise for their potential to deliver personalised medicines on-demand. SLA 3D printing offers advantageous features for pharmaceutical production, such as operating at room temperature and offering an unrivaled printing resolution. However, since conventional SLA apparatus are designed to operate with large volumes of a single photopolymer resin, significant throughput limitations remain. This, coupled with the limited choice of biocompatible polymers and photoinitiators available, hold back the pharmaceutical development using such technologies. Hence, the aim of this work was to develop a novel SLA apparatus specifically designed to allow rapid and efficient screening of pharmaceutical photopolymer formulations. A commercially available SLA apparatus was modified by designing and fabricating a novel resin tank and build platform able to 3D print up to 12 different formulations at a single time, reducing the amount of sample resin required by 20-fold. The novel SLA apparatus was subsequently used to conduct a high throughput screening of 156 placebo photopolymer formulations. The efficiency of the equipment and formulation printability outcomes were evaluated. Improved time and cost efficiency by 91.66% and 94.99%, respectively, has been confirmed using the modified SLA apparatus to deliver high quality, highly printable outputs, thus evidencing that such modifications offer a robust and reliable tool to optimize the throughput and efficiency of vat photopolymerisation techniques in formulation development processes, which can, in turn, support future clinical applications.

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Evaluation of exposure time and visible light irradiation in LCD 3D printing of ibuprofen extended release tablets

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

3D Printed Punctal Plugs for Controlled Ocular Drug Delivery

3D Printed Punctal Plugs for Controlled Ocular Drug Delivery

Specific energy absorption during compression testing of ABS and FPU parts fabricated using LCD-SLA based 3D printer

Stereolithography Apparatus Evolution: Enhancing Throughput and Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Formulation Development

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