Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Management in Minnesota Wine Grapes

Ebbenga, Dominique N.; Burkness, E. C.; Hutchison, W. D.

doi:10.1093/jee/toz143

Cited by 30 publications

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References 30 publications

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“…A quantitative method to differentiate winter and summer morphs is needed. Relying solely on color is difficult because D. suzukii is usually collected using trapping systems where specimens drown in a liquid solution and may remain in the trap under a variety of environmental conditions prior to collection and transport to the lab [12,21,44]. Thus, the trapping system and delays in collection and processing can damage the adults making color identification Differentiating Drosophila suzukii seasonal morphs PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228780 February 6, 2020 2 / 17…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drosophila suzukii invaded the continental United States in 2008 and rapidly spread throughout the country [7], and has quickly become a global pest [2,8]. Given its recent global spread, a remarkable amount of research has been published to improve understanding the biology of D. suzukii, such as host range and preferences [3,9,10], and management strategies including chemical control [11][12][13][14], biological control [15][16][17][18], physical exclusion through netting [19][20][21], and enhanced monitoring techniques [12,22,23]. However, to develop improved management strategies, a broader understanding of D. suzukii biology, phenology and overwintering strategies is needed [2,24].Recent research has shown that D. suzukii can tolerate temperate regions by producing seasonal morphs via polyphenism [25,26].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Panel et al [33] also had difficulty assigning individuals as winter or summer, and created an intermediate category.A quantitative method to differentiate winter and summer morphs is needed. Relying solely on color is difficult because D. suzukii is usually collected using trapping systems where specimens drown in a liquid solution and may remain in the trap under a variety of environmental conditions prior to collection and transport to the lab [12,21,44]. Thus, the trapping system and delays in collection and processing can damage the adults making color identification Differentiating Drosophila suzukii seasonal morphs PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228780 February 6, 2020 2 / 17Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.� Lowercase: Comparison of laboratory-reared winter and summer morphs within sex.�� Uppercase: Comparison of female and male laboratory-reared and field-collected D. suzukii.Means followed by different letters represent significant differences, based on Student's t-test (P <0.001).…”

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Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs

2020

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Temperate insect species often enter diapause in preparation for overwintering. One such species is the invasive vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), which has seasonal polymorphisms, considered winter and summer morphs. To date, the morphs have been differentiated by color and size with winter morphs typically being darker and larger compared to summer morphs. 'Dark' and 'large' are subjective, however, and standardizing an identification process can ensure that the morph of interest is being accurately characterized. The goal of our research was to investigate a quantitative method to distinguish between D. suzukii morphs based on body and wing size. We reared winter and summer morph D. suzukii in the laboratory using standard procedures, and measured wing length, wing width, and hind tibia length. Additionally, we collected field D. suzukii to document the seasonal phenology of the morphs in Minnesota based on our model's cutoff criteria. A classification and regression tree analysis were used to determine which metrics would be best for predicting field-caught D. suzukii morphs. Using laboratory-reared flies as our known morphs for the training data in the classification model we developed classification trees based on wing length and the ratio of wing length to hind tibia length. The frequency of winter and summer morphs present in the field varied based on which classification tree was used. Nevertheless, we suggest ratio of wing length to hind tibia length as the most robust criteria for differentiating D. suzukii morphs because the ratio accounts for the size variability between laboratory-reared and field-caught flies and the error rate of misclassification is reduced to 0.01 for males. The results from this work can aid in future D. suzukii research by allowing scientists to objectively differentiate the morphs, and thereby improve our understanding of the biology and phenology of seasonal morph dynamics. OPEN ACCESSCitation: Tran AK, Hutchison WD, Asplen MK (2020) Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228780. ) through the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resource Trust Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. in cooler temperatures by entering a diapause state [1]. Within the diapause state, reduced metabolism and biochemical alterations affect the insect's biology, behavior, and morphogenesis [1].One such diapausing species that exhibits this phenomenon is the vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), commonly known as spotted-wing drosophila. Native to east and southeast Asia, D. suzukii is an important economic pest of soft-skinned fruits (e.g., strawberries, raspberries, blueberries) and stone fruits (e.g. cherries, peach) [2][3][4][5][6]. Drosophila suzukii invaded the continental United States in 2008 and rapidly spread throughout the country [7], and has quickly become a global pest [2,8]. Given its recent global s...

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs

2020

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“…The persistence of the marking of D. suzukii with the Radglo ® TP-series fluorescent pigments by the "Shaking" technique under different trapping and storage conditions was assessed; in addition, it was tested how these conditions can affect contaminations between marked and unmarked specimens. Traps for D. suzukii typically contain ACV, red wine, or a combination of both as a bait/drowning solution [9,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72], whereas traps containing lure dispensers can either be dry (if a killing agent is present in the trap, see Section 2.3.2) [56,58,73] or contain water as a drowning solution [64,[74][75][76]. Trapped insects are typically stored in ethanol.…”

Section: Persistence Of Marks During Trapping or Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Marking Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) with Fluorescent Dusts

Clymans

Kerckvoorde²,

Beliën³

et al. 2020

Insects

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The marking of Drosophila suzukii can be an important instrument for studying the ecology and behaviour of this economically important fruit pest, aiding the development of new Integrated Pest Management (IPM) tools or strategies. There is, however, a need for a cost-effective methodology that provides an easily detectable and stable mark. Whereas fluorescent pigment powders are often used in entomological research, the pigments (series, dyes), application techniques, or doses need to be evaluated for each studied species in terms of their efficacy and possible adverse effects on the performance of the insect. The effectiveness of different application techniques and dyes (RadGlo ® TP-series) and their effect on the survival of adult D. suzukii were investigated in the laboratory. Furthermore, the influence of the marking on the behaviour of the flies was examined in laboratory trap assays (olfaction) and a field recapture study (general orientation). The persistence and detectability of the marks was evaluated both on living flies (for different application techniques) and dead flies under trapping/storage conditions. The use of fluorescent powders to mark D. suzukii flies yielded a clearly detectable and highly persistent mark, without any adverse effects on the survival and behaviour of the flies. Insects 2020, 11, 152 2 of 20The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), native to Asia [5][6][7], has become a worldwide invasive pest of soft-skinned fruit crops over the last decade [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Studies on the ecology and behaviour of the species can yield new insights allowing the improvement or development of management strategies. Various methods for marking D. suzukii flies have been proposed and further optimised. An immunomarking technique (i.e., the use of proteins as markers and detection by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays (ELISA) [15]) for both topical application and acquisition of residues on leaves was tested and optimised by Klick et al. in a series of laboratory and semi-field experiments [16]. What makes this technique unique is that vast areas can be sprayed with inexpensive proteins and that detection by ELISA is fairly sensitive to the acquisition of leaf residues. The disadvantages of immunomarking are the possibility of both false positives and false negatives [17], the need for individual analyses of specimens, and the costs and labour required for detection. Trace elements and stable isotopes can be administered to plants to act as systemic markers for herbivorous insects, an approach that was evaluated for D. suzukii with Rb and 15 N. [18]. The added value of these systemic markers lies in the fact that larvae are self-marked while developing inside the host fruits, enabling the linkage of captured adults to their source of larval development [18]. Methods of self-marking are particularly interesting for MC studies in which whole areas or plants are marked, instead of marking the (captured/reared) insects before release. For MR and M...

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“…IPM typically involves a combination of sanitation practices (e.g., pruning and strip picking), biological controls (e.g., predatory beetles or parasitoid wasps), and the application of biopesticides (e.g., the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana ) [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Despite a good environmental profile and effectiveness against a wide variety of crop pests such as codling moth [ 25 , 26 ], tephritid flies [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], and brown-marmorated stinkbug [ 30 , 31 ], exclusion systems have not been examined as a potential IPM strategy for the protection of coffee crops against CBB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei) Management

Johnson

Fortna

Manoukis

2020

Insects

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Exclusion nets are increasingly being used to protect a variety of agricultural crops from insect pests as a sustainable alternative to chemical controls. We examined the efficacy of exclusion nets in controlling the world’s most damaging insect pest of coffee, Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer), on two small-scale coffee farms on Hawai’i Island. We recorded microclimate data, fruit infestation, population per fruit, sex ratio, mortality by Beauveria bassiana, coffee yield and quality in four paired exclusion and control (un-netted) plots on both farms. Mean and maximum daily temperature and relative humidity were similar between treatments, while mean and maximum daily solar radiation was reduced by ~50% in exclusion plots. Green and ripe fruit from exclusion plots had significantly lower infestation compared to un-netted control plots at both farms. We observed no significant difference between exclusion and control plots in the number of CBB per fruit or the female:male sex ratio. CBB mortality was significantly higher in control relative to exclusion plots in one of the two farms. Ripe fruits harvested from exclusion plots were on average significantly heavier and wider than those from control plots; however, there was no significant difference in the average yield per tree between treatments. Lastly, coffee quality was not significantly different between control and exclusion plots. Our results suggest that with complete sanitation prior to net installation in an environment where CBB is actively circulating, exclusion netting can successfully control CBB on small-scale coffee farms without reducing coffee yield or quality, and has the potential to lower production and labor costs by eliminating the need to spray pesticides.

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Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Management in Minnesota Wine Grapes

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs

Morphometric criteria to differentiate Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) seasonal morphs

Marking Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) with Fluorescent Dusts

Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus Hampei) Management

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