“…In recent decades, several studies developed ET models using remote sensing data from advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images and eddy covariance flux towers to estimate spatially distributed ET over larger regions (Cleugh, Leuning, Mu, & Running, 2007; Ferguson, Sheffield, Wood, & Gao, 2010; Leuning, Zhang, Rajaud, Cleugh, & Tu, 2008; Mu, Zhao, & Running, 2011; Teluguntla, Ryu, George, & Walker, 2013; Vinukollu, Wood, Ferguson, & Fisher, 2011, Zhang et al, 2009). However, many of them reportedly underestimated ET over semi‐arid regions (Jamshidi, Zand‐parsa, Pakparvar, & Niyogi, 2019). Many of these methods depend on leaf area index (LAI) and other empirically derived parameters integrated into the Penman‐Monteith (PM) model.…”