Evaluation of etiology of postmenopausal bleeding using invasive methods

Abstract

Background and Method:The study was an observational study which was conducted at Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Postgraduate Institute, Indore in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology after the Institutional Ethics Committee clearance with an aim to Evaluation of Etiology of Postmenopausal Bleeding using Invasive Methods. We included all postmenopausal women who presented any time after one year of menopause with postmenopausal bleeding. Detailed history, clinical examination, per speculum and per vaginal examination were done systematically to evaluate the clinical diagnosis of postmenopausal bleeding. A thorough general systemic and per vaginal examination were done. Investigations including both invasive and noninvasive test were advised. Result: Cervical Biopsy was found to be most specific for pin-pointing the etiology of the postmenopausal bleed, followed by endometrial biopsy and hysteroscopy. Conclusion: PMB due to its social implications and a general unacceptability from our society is usually reported less and if reported is usually not followed up. We need to raise the awareness regarding this particular symptom and treat it with equal zest and vigour as done for other gynecological pathologies. Not many studies are available on PMB and furthermore probing in it will enhance our knowledge not just for malignancies and their prompt management but also for other pathologies associated with it.