Evaluation of epidemiology, clinical features, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 in West Azerbaijan Province

Abstract

Background COVID‐19 is considered a widespread concern in global public health. Diagnoses of COVID‐19 in some cases are necessary because of severe prognosis. In this study, epidemiologies, clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with COVID‐19 were studied in Taleghani Hospital, Urmia, Iran. Methods This descriptive‐analytical cross‐sectional study was carried out on 215 patients with COVID‐19 during March and April 2020. Approved COVID‐19 case was considered as a person with a positive respiratory sample performed by at least one of two RT‐PCR methods or genetic sequencing. ANOVA repeated measure, independent t‐test and logistic regression were done. A P < .05 was considered significant. Results The mean age of patients was 50.93 ± 17.92 years. Regarding gender, there were 91 females (42.3%) and 124 males (57.7%). The mean hospital stay, the temperature at admission, and onset of symptoms were 4.91 ± 3.68 days, 37.40 ± 0.96°C and 5.88 ± 4.80 days, respectively. Close contact with suspected people was found in 10.2% of patients. Additionally, 44 patients (20.5%) were smokers. Shortness of breath and cough were found in 62.8% and 49.3% of patients. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most common comorbidities of patients. Regarding lung involvement, 33 patients (33%) were normal, most of the patients (n = 71) had 5%‐25% involvement in their lung and a minority of patients (n = 13) had a severe condition of 50%‐75% lung involvement. The association between smoking and mortality was tested using chi‐square showing no significant difference (X2:2.959, P = .085). There was no significant difference between AST, ALT, ALP, total, direct Bilirubin, lung involvement and suffering from fever (P > .05). High Spo2 can increase the chance of recovery by 24% with each unit reduction. Kidney involvement increases the chance of death by about 80% (95% CI: 0.104‐0.013). The odds ratio of spo2 for recovery of COVID‐19 was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.014‐1.528; P = .037). Kaletra with odds ratio of 31.960 had the most highest effect on recovery following COVID‐19 (P = .043). Conclusion COVID‐19 involves different organs of the body with different severity. In the meantime, smoking was not a risk factor for the virus or associated with severe manifestations of the disease. Patients with high creatinine and CPK, pulmonary involvement above 25%, and hypoxemia had a higher mortality rate. Increase of Spo2 by 1% can improve the patients by 24%. The results indicated that Kaletra had the most highest effect on improvement following COVID‐19.

Time to hospitalisation, CT pulmonary involvement and in‐hospital death in COVID‐19 patients in an Emergency Medicine Unit

“…Characteristics associatedwiththeseverityofSARS-CoV-2infectionmayallowearly identification and management of patients with poor outcomes; these include clinical factors such as cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, smokingandmalesexandlaboratoryfindingssuchasincreasedprocalcitonin, increased d-dimerandthrombocytopenia. [14][15][16][17] The management of the hospitalised patients is based on clinical, laboratory and imaging data. In particular, chest computed tomography(CT)isoneofthefundamentalexamsforthesuccessivetherapeutic course.…”

Leukopenia and leukocytosis as strong predictors of COVID‐19 severity: A cross‐sectional study of the hematologic abnormalities and COVID‐19 severity in hospitalized patients

“…A study by Nabavi et al 5 in the northeast of Iran reported that low O 2 saturation, nausea/vomiting, and extent of lung CT involvement were independent predictors of severe/critical COVID‐19 (OR = 0.342, 45.93, and 25.48, respectively; p < 0.05). On the other hand, a study by Allameh et al 22 in Tehran, Iran, and another study by Gharebaghi et al 23 in the West side of Iran indicated fever (93.59%) and shortness of breath (62.8%) as the most common clinical manifestations of the severe COVID‐19. Interestingly, Sohrabi et al 24 revealed that impaired consciousness could be the most powerful predictor of COVID‐19 severity and mortality (OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 3.508–3.979, p < 0.001); however, they reported decreased O 2 saturation and dyspnea as other significant factors (OR = 2.67 and 1.63, respectively).…”

“…respectively; p < 0.05). On the other hand, a study by Allameh et al22 in Tehran, Iran, and another study by Gharebaghi et al23 in the West side of Iran indicated fever (93.59%) and shortness of breath (62.8%) as the most common clinical manifestations of the severe COVID-19.Interestingly, Sohrabi et al24 revealed that impaired consciousness could be the most powerful predictor of COVID-19 severity and T A B L E 5…”

The Efficacy of High-Dose Pulse Therapy vs. Low-Dose Intravenous Methylprednisolone on Severe to Critical COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…COVID-19 infection, as a global health concern, has led to a severe crisis and a massive number of deaths since the pandemic emergence ( 1 , 2 ). Whilst global vaccination has controlled the soaring rate of afflictions and fatalities in the majority of countries, there is still evidence of new waves of disease transmission in some nations.…”