Evaluation of energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emission in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production in paddy fields of Guilan province of Iran

Analysis of Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emission in Rainfed Canola Production (Case study: Çanakkale Province, Turkey)

“…Considering the energy consumption according to the energy requirement of the inputs, it is evident that fuel is the highest, dominating about 12805 MJ ha -1 with 47% of total energy (Table 4). In previous studies, fuel founded for the highest rate of input energy (Rabiee et al, 2021), which agrees with this study results (Table 4). One of the main reasons using the high diesel is coming from more field operations performed by machinery, for example for seedbed preparation and intercultural practices because of using fuel mainly for all tractor operations.…”

“…In Table 5, the energy productivity was found to be 0.13 kg MJ -1 , which means that 0.13 kg of canola grain are produced per one MJ of energy. These are in accordance with Rabiee et al (2021) and Mousavi-Avval et al (2010) as the averages of 0.13 kg MJ -1 , while Mousavi-Avval et al (2017) reported that this value was 0.14 kg MJ -1 . Furthermore, a previous study by (Kazemi et al, 2016) reported energy efficiency as 0.12 for canola production.…”

“…Herbicides are another input with the lowest energy consumption with 1.40%. The yield of canola grain was considered as 3550 kg ha -1 from the questioned farms, and the energy was resulted to be 100465.00 MJ ha -1 , ranging from 70750.00 to 128765.00 MJ ha -1 due to the different input amounts of the farms, in agreement with Rabiee et al (2021) because of similar canola grain yield from unit area by 3458 kg ha -1 . These results were higher than in others (Mousavi-Avval et al, 2017) due to higher grain yield per hectare who declared that 2076.76 kg ha -1 produced 56695.6 MJ ha −1 , varying from 23205 MJ ha −1 to 107016 MJ ha −1 , while lower energy output of 50091 MJ ha −1 and 41230 MJ ha −1 for canola have been reported by (Kazemi et al (2016) and Taheri-Garavand et al (2010), respectively.…”

“…Bonari et al (1995) indicated that reducing of tillage resulted in 55% less fuel consumption than conventional tillage without a significant difference in yield. Similarly, Rabiee et al (2021) concluded that conventional tillage increased total energy input and greenhouse gas emissions compared reduced or no-tillage at the different fertilizer level. Seed energy has the lowest energy with 0.87% among all the inputs (Table 4).…”

Energy Consumption on Farm Automation: Case of Paddy Plantation

“…Energy use in agriculture has evolved in response to population growth, limited arable land supplies, and the desire for higher living standards [15]. Recently, population growth has increased energy consumption in agriculture, leading to the exhaustive usage of pesticides, fertilisers, electricity, agricultural machinery, and natural resources to secure the demand [16]. The total energy use ranges from 9,257 MJ/ha in India to 31,703 MJ/ha in China [17].…”