Evaluation of energy and exergy losses in district heating network

Çomaklı, Kemal; Yüksel, Bedri; Çomaklı, Ömer

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2003.11.014

Cited by 87 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There the distribution network (DN) of a DHS becomes an Areas with low population density or small building complexes not suitable for district heating, as the investment cost per household would be on the DN and pumping power is needed to tr based performance analysis of the DN in a DHS is needed to identify the design and operating irreversibility of heat supply to consumers. Several authors have use [13][14][15][16][17][18]. One study [19] proposed a model which can serve as a basis for differential tariff determination: different price factors were calculated for heat supplied to different consumers based on the exergy losses of heat distribution.…”

Section: Network Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of a District Heating System

et al. 2013

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Lowering the exergy content of heat required for heating purposes decreases the primary energy consumption. District heating systems are often an important link between facilities that generate heat with low exergy content and consumers. Exergetic efficiency of heat distribution is an important performance criterion in heat supply to consumers. It can serve as a criterion for optimization, towards a more sustainable distribution-network design and operation. This paper presents a methodology for an exergy-based distribution-network analysis in a district heating system. Criteria for performance evaluations are defined. They can be used to evaluate heat supply to different points in the network, or individual system components. A case study is performed on an existing district heating system. Energetic and exergetic efficiencies of supply lines are analyzed. Exergy destructions and exergy losses are studied. Large differences in efficiency of heat supply to different points in the network are discovered. Over-dimensioned parameters of the distribution network are investigated.Keywords: district heating system; distribution network; energy; exergy; efficiency

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Section: Network Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of a District Heating System

et al. 2013

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“…Now, the annuity on initial investment A can be calculated using Equation (12), while the total annual cost can then be obtained by adding together the annuity on the initial investment and the heat distribution cost. Note that the interest rate can affect the annuity on the investment and thus the total annual cost.…”

Section: Calculate the Annuity On The Initial Investment And The Totamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the impact of heat losses in the main lines (primary network) accounts for approximately 2% to 5% of the total distributed heat if the insulation is in good condition [7][8][9], but in the secondary network they can account for 12% to 37% of the distributed heat [10,11]. Therefore, heat losses should be considered when calculating the energy consumption of a DH network [12] as well as the network optimization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the District Heating Primary Network from the Perspective of Economic-Specific Pressure Loss

Wang

Lin

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:A district heating (DH) system is one of the most important components of infrastructures in cold areas. Proper DH network design should balance the initial investment and the heat distribution cost of the DH network. Currently, this design is often based on a recommended value for specific pressure loss (R = ∆P/L) in the main lines. This will result in a feasible network design, but probably not be optimal in most cases. The paper develops a novel optimization model to facilitate the design by considering the initial investment in the pipes and the heat distribution costs. The model will generate all possible network scenarios consisting of different series of diameters for each pipe in the flow direction of the network. Then, the annuity on the initial investment, the heat distribution cost, and the total annual cost will be calculated for each network scenario, taking into account the uncertainties of the material prices and the yearly operating time levels. The model is applied to a sample DH network and the results indicate that the model works quite well, clearly identifying the optimal network design and demonstrating that the heat distribution cost is more important than the initial investment in DH network design.

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“…However, as transporting low-exergetic energy carriers over longer distances may result in significant dissipation into the environment (especially in the case of thermal energy [12,13]), thus increasing entropy generation, the geographic distance between source and sink becomes important.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Potential Mapping: Visualising Energy Characteristics for the Exergetic Optimisation of the Built Environment

Broersma

Fremouw

Dobbelsteen

2013

Entropy

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It is difficult to fully satisfy the energy demand of today's society with renewables. Nevertheless, most of the energy we use is lost as non-functional waste energy, whereas a large part of the built environment's energy demand is only for low-quality energy, so the initial demand for primary, high-quality energy can be reduced by more effective usage, such as by low-exergy means. Gaining insight into the parameters of energy demands and local renewable and residual energy potentials enables matching energy demand with a fitting potential, not only concerning quantity but taking into account location, temporality and quality as well. The method of Energy Potential Mapping (EPM) aims to visualise the energy potentials and demands by making information of quantity, quality and location of demand and supply accessible. The aspect of quality specifically applies to heat and cold. The methodology of EPM will be described and explained with case studies. The focus specifically lies on mapping heat (and cold), one of the main reasons for energy demand in the built environment. The visualisation of exergy, to be simplified as the quality of energy, becomes an extra parameter in the case of Dutch Heat Maps. These maps can help finding opportunities of practical implementations of exchanging or cascading heat or cold. This way EPM and Heat Mapping (HM) enables application of exergy principles in the built environment. EPM and HM can be seen as a local energy catalogue and can be useful in spatial planning for energy-based urban and rural plans.

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Evaluation of energy and exergy losses in district heating network

Cited by 87 publications

References 10 publications

Performance Analysis of a District Heating System

Performance Analysis of a District Heating System

Optimizing the District Heating Primary Network from the Perspective of Economic-Specific Pressure Loss

Energy Potential Mapping: Visualising Energy Characteristics for the Exergetic Optimisation of the Built Environment

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