Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Longterm Feeding with Amino Acid-Based Formula in Infants with Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy: Results of the Open-Label Prospective Controlled Post-Registration Trial

The article presents modern approaches to the use of balanced formulas for nutrition and diet correction in children with various forms of food allergies. The guidelines are based on all available up to date evidence on the efficacy, safety and utility of using such innovative medical technology as specialized amino acid formulas. This formula is the targeted medical intervention for food allergies and confirmed cow's milk protein allergy, and particularly for patients with reduced physical growth and development (growth rates included). The material is based on methodological guidelines on the amino acid formulas usage previously developed by specialist experts of the Union of pediatricians of Russia in 2020.

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Amino acid formulas in patients with food allergy

Баранов

Намазова-Баранова

Алексеева

et al. 2021

Pediatr. farmakol.

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Basophil activation: theoretical aspects and use in the diagnosis of allergic diseases

Бычкова¹

2021

Med. immunol.

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Diagnostics of allergic diseases is a difficult issue, which requires distinct solutions, since this disorder is very common among the population. The overview focuses on complex diagnostics, including various methods that are most in demand at the present stage. The allergy diagnostics primarily include taking anamnesis, physical examination, instrumental and functional tests. Less often, the provocative tests are used, due to risk of severe adverse reactions. At the present stage, the role of laboratory diagnostics of allergies is growing, since, firstly, there is an increase in difficult-to-diagnose cases that require involvement of the entire medical armamentarium, and, secondly, the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests are improving. Among laboratory methods, the most significant are the assessment of the level of specific IgE, and the relatively new basophile activation test. The latter test is the main focus of the present review. It is functional and combines the advantages of provocative tests, during which conditions are created for the interaction of a potential allergen and effector cells of allergic inflammation, keeping safety for the patient. The data on the life cycle of basophils, their expression of membrane receptors, the content of granules, and ability to produce additional inflammatory mediators by the cells are presented. Participation of these cells in pathogenesis of allergic inflammation is being considered. Various mechanisms of basophil activation are discussed, both IgE-mediated and IgE-independent, which are similar in vivo and in vitro. Theoretical aspects of using the in vitro basophil activation test to estimate the hypersensitivity to a wide range of allergens are discussed. High sensitivity and specificity of the test for diagnosing allergies to food, household, pollen, insect and drug allergens are presented. Specific features of the basophil activation test related to the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical stages of the study are highlighted. The factors influencing evaluation of this method are known. For example, difficulties in interpreting the test may arise while taking glucocorticosteroid hormones, in acute period of inflammation, with severe edema. The possibility of using this test to assess effectiveness of allergen-specific and anti-IgE therapy is being considered. A comparison of the basophil activation test, measurement of specific IgE and skin tests by various parameters related to performance and interpretation of results is carried out. Comprehensive diagnostics of allergic diseases, including usage of pathogenetically determined laboratory methods, will contribute to adequate treatment and, as a result, improve the health of the population.

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The use of amino acid-based mixtures in clinical practice in children with combined gastrointestinal and skin symptoms. The view of the gastroenterologist

Гурова

2020

Medicinskij sovet

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Резюме Белок коровьего молока-основной аллерген у детей раннего возраста, может провоцировать как IgE-опосредованные (немедленное начало), так и неIgE-опосредованные (отсроченное начало) реакции. По имеющимся данным, у 2-3% детей младше 3 лет выявляется аллергия к белкам коровьего молока. Аллергия характеризуется множественными клиническими проявлениями, включающими кожные симптомы, разнообразный спектр гастроинтестинальных симптомов, среди которых наиболее часто отмечаются срыгивание, вздутие живота, метеоризм, изменение характера стула в виде диареи или запоров. У большинства детей с аллергией на белок коровьего молока при применении высокогидролизованных смесей отмечается положительный эффект с уменьшением симптомов аллергии, но у части детей (5-10%) аллергические реакции могут сохраняться из-за присутствия в смеси небольших пептидных фрагментов. В статье приводится клинический пример применения смеси на основе аминокислот у ребенка с аллергией к белку коровьего молока, гастроинтестинальными и кожными симптомами и отсутствием эффекта на смесь на основе высокогидролизованного белка. При применении смеси на основе аминокислот и последующем наблюдении ребенка через 1, 2 и 4 недели отмечались нормализация стула, уменьшение газообразования, исчезновение кожных проявлений, уменьшение уровня эозино фильного нейротоксина в стуле, уменьшение времени беспокойства ребенка при сохранении нормальных темпов физического развития. При оценке показателей общего анализа крови в динамике было показано уменьшение концентрации эозинофилов с 0,62 х 10 9 /л до 0,28 х 10 9 /л (р < 0,01), отмечалась нормализация уровня эозинофильного нейротоксина в стуле-93 нг/г стула (р < 0,01). Ключевые слова: смесь на основе аминокислот, аллергия к белку коровьего молока, гастроинтестинальные симптомы, дети первого года жизни Для цитирования: Гурова М.М. Применение смесей на основе аминокислот в клинической практике у детей с аллергией к белку коровьего молока, комбинированными гастроинтестинальными и кожными симптомами. Взгляд гастроэнтеролога.

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Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Longterm Feeding with Amino Acid-Based Formula in Infants with Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy: Results of the Open-Label Prospective Controlled Post-Registration Trial

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Amino acid formulas in patients with food allergy

Amino acid formulas in patients with food allergy

Basophil activation: theoretical aspects and use in the diagnosis of allergic diseases

The use of amino acid-based mixtures in clinical practice in children with combined gastrointestinal and skin symptoms. The view of the gastroenterologist

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