Evaluation of effects of sustained decadal precipitation manipulations on soil carbon stocks

Fröberg, Mats; Hanson, Paul J.; Todd, D. E.; Johnson, Dale W.

doi:10.1007/s10533-008-9205-8

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…From 1993 to 2006, the 12‐year increment of N in long‐lived woody tissue growth was 91 kg N ha −1 . While this rate of vegetation demand is large, it is accommodated by N delivered as wet, dry, and gaseous deposition to the Walker Branch Watershed of approximately 10 kg N ha −1 yr −1 (Hanson et al , 1989; Fröberg et al , in press). Johnson & Todd (1990) estimated leaching rates ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 kg ha −1 yr −1 , which could add no more than 24 kg ha −1 to the total.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…The increments of K, Ca, and Mg in tree biomass have been estimated 74, 117, and 8 kg ha −1 , respectively, in the TDE plots (Fröberg et al , in press), all of which exceed the observed changes in soil‐exchangeable contents (−27 to +18 kg ha −1 for K, −13 to −94 kg ha −1 for Ca 2+ , and −1 to +17 kg ha −1 for Mg 2+ ; Table 5). In the cases of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , weighted average concentrations (and presumably soil contents) did not change significantly, despite the pressures of uptake and leaching, even though concentrations within individual depths did change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also report soil element availability as measured by ion exchange membranes in the TDE and compare these results with those from the traditional soil analyses in the three treatments. Changes in the organic horizon carbon and element levels were previously discussed in Johnson et al (2002), and final values for carbon at the end of the TDE are summarized in Fröberg et al (in press).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of throughfall manipulation on soil nutrient status: results of 12 years of sustained wet and dry treatments

Johnson

Todd

Hanson

2008

Global Change Biology

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To investigate the potential effects of changing precipitation on forest ecosystems, the Throughfall Displacement Experiment (TDE) was established on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee, in 1993. Three different throughfall amounts were tested: À33% (DRY); ambient (no change, AMB); and 133% (WET). Throughfall manipulations had no statistically significant effects on total C, N, exchangeable Ca 2 1 , Mg 2 1 , bicarbonateextractable P, or extractable SO 4 2À in soils after 12 years of sustained treatments. Increased K 1 inputs in the WET treatment resulted in relative increases in exchangeable K 1 compared with the AMB and DRY treatments. Soil C, N, and extractable P declined in all treatments over the 12-year study, and the declines in N were inexplicably large. Field observations contrasted with earlier simulations from the Nutrient Cycling Model (NuCM), which predicted greater decreases in exchangeable K 1 , Ca 2 1 , Mg 2 1 , and extractable P in the order WET4AMB4DRY, and no change in C, N, and extractable SO 4 2À . The failure of the NuCM model to accurately predict observed changes is attributed to the lack of mechanisms for deep rooting and the transfer of throughfall K 1 from one plot to another in the model. Measurements of element availability using resin membranes during the final years showed higher values in wet and lower values in dry treatments compared with ambient conditions for mineral N, K, Mn, Zn, and Al, but the opposite for B, Ca, and Mg. In the cases of Ca and Mg, the patterns in resin values were similar to those at the soil exchange sites (greatest in the dry treatment) and appeared to reflect pretreatment differences. This study showed that while longer term changes in soil nutrients are likely to occur with changes in precipitation, potential changes over this 12-year interval were buffered by ecosystem processes such as deep rooting.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of throughfall manipulation on soil nutrient status: results of 12 years of sustained wet and dry treatments

Johnson

Todd

Hanson

2008

Global Change Biology

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“…The commonly used facilities to increase temperature in ecosystems include OTC and infrared radiator (Kimball, 2005; Walker et al , 2006). The facilities to alter precipitation include rainout‐shelter and throughfall displacement (Knapp et al , 2002; Fröberg et al , 2008). The next generation of global change experiments may further challenge the facility development by involving new materials, more advanced computer steering, and less environmental impacts.…”

Section: Future Research Programs For Long‐term Global Change Experimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated approaches to quantify long‐term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change

Luo

Melillo

Niu

et al. 2011

Global Change Biology

183

177

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Many serious ecosystem consequences of climate change will take decades or even centuries to emerge. Long‐term ecological responses to global change are strongly regulated by slow processes, such as changes in species composition, carbon dynamics in soil and by long‐lived plants, and accumulation of nutrient capitals. Understanding and predicting these processes require experiments on decadal time scales. But decadal experiments by themselves may not be adequate because many of the slow processes have characteristic time scales much longer than experiments can be maintained. This article promotes a coordinated approach that combines long‐term, large‐scale global change experiments with process studies and modeling. Long‐term global change manipulative experiments, especially in high‐priority ecosystems such as tropical forests and high‐latitude regions, are essential to maximize information gain concerning future states of the earth system. The long‐term experiments should be conducted in tandem with complementary process studies, such as those using model ecosystems, species replacements, laboratory incubations, isotope tracers, and greenhouse facilities. Models are essential to assimilate data from long‐term experiments and process studies together with information from long‐term observations, surveys, and space‐for‐time studies along environmental and biological gradients. Future research programs with coordinated long‐term experiments, process studies, and modeling have the potential to be the most effective strategy to gain the best information on long‐term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change.

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“…While some studies indicated no effect of temperature on SOC [ 2 , 3 ], others observed accelerated decomposition with temperature going up [ 4 – 7 ], especially in the high-latitude [ 8 , 9 ]. Likewise, the effect of precipitation is also controversial with some reporting precipitation conducive to SOC accumulation [ 10 , 11 ] while others not [ 12 ]. Similar debates also involved other environmental factors such as soil type, texture, pH, N content, vegetation type and land use forms [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Major Constraints in East Central Asia

Lee

Huang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Variation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its major constraints in large spatial scale are critical for estimating global SOC inventory and projecting its future at environmental changes. By analyzing SOC and its environment at 210 sites in uncultivated land along a 3020km latitudinal transect in East Central Asia, we examined the effect of environmental factors on the dynamics of SOC. We found that SOC changes dramatically with the difference as high as 5 times in north China and 17 times in Mongolia. Regardless, C:N remains consistent about 12. Path analysis indicated that temperature is the dominant factor in the variation of SOC with a direct effect much higher than the indirect one, the former breaks SOC down the year round while the latter results in its growth mainly via precipitation in the winter half year. Precipitation helps accumulate SOC, a large part of the effect, however, is taken via temperature. NH4+-N and topography also affect SOC, their roles are played primarily via climatic factors. pH correlates significantly with SOC, the effect, however, is taken only in the winter months, contributing to the decay of SOC primarily via temperature. These factors explained as much as 79% of SOC variations, especially in the summer months, representing the major constraints on the SOC stock. Soil texture gets increasingly fine southward, it does not, however, constitute an apparent factor. Our results suggested that recent global warming should have been adversely affecting SOC stock in the mid-latitude as temperature dominates other factors as the constraint.

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Evaluation of effects of sustained decadal precipitation manipulations on soil carbon stocks

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of throughfall manipulation on soil nutrient status: results of 12 years of sustained wet and dry treatments

Effects of throughfall manipulation on soil nutrient status: results of 12 years of sustained wet and dry treatments

Coordinated approaches to quantify long‐term ecosystem dynamics in response to global change

Variation of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Major Constraints in East Central Asia

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