Evaluation of effective eddy diffusive coefficients using radar observations of turbulence in the stratosphere

Woodman, R. F.; Rastogi, P. K.

doi:10.1029/gl011i003p00243

Cited by 75 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A number of approaches were developped to account for random and wave intermittency of turbulent diffusion (see review by Fritts and Alexander, 2003). Dewan (1981) and Woodman and Rastogi (1984) suggested that the random occurrence of turbulent layers may produce a random process of intermittent diffusion and an effective turbulent diffusivity of this ensemble should be introduced. Fritts and Dunkerton (1985) and Gavrilov and Yudin (1992) showed that the intermittency of turbulence generated by gravity waves may lead to the difference in diffusivity of momentum and heat thus making an increase in the effective Prandtl number.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence parameter estimations from high-resolution balloon temperature measurements of the MUTSI-2000 campaign

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Turbulence parameters in the tropo-stratosphere are analyzed using high-resolution balloon temperature measurements collected during the MUTSI (MU radar, Temperature sheets and Interferometry) campaign which took place near the Middle and Upper atmosphere (MU) radar (Japan, 35 • N, 136 • E) in May 2000. Vertical profiles of the specific dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, ε, and turbulent diffusivity, K, are estimated from the Thorpe lengthscale, L T . The last is obtained by using two methods. The first one consists of measuring directly L T by reordering the potential temperature profiles. The second method is based on estimates of the temperature structure constant, C 2 T . A relationship between L T and C 2 T can be found by assuming either adiabatic vertical displacements or a model based on turbulent energy balance consideration. Analysis shows that the adiabatic assumption gives indirect estimates of L T more consistent with direct measurements. We also found that vertical profiles of analyzed turbulence characteristics show substantial intermittency, leading to substantial scatter of the local, median and average values. General trends correspond to a decrease in ε and K from the boundary layer up to altitudes 20-25 km. Layers of increased turbulence are systematically observed in the tropo-stratosphere, which may be produced by instabilities of temperature and wind profiles. These maxima may substantially increase local values of turbulence diffusivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence parameter estimations from high-resolution balloon temperature measurements of the MUTSI-2000 campaign

et al. 2005

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“…Thus, the rate of vertical diffusion over scales deeper than the typical layer depths depends on factors including the depth of the layers, and the frequency of occurrence of the layers, (as well as the strength of turbulence within the layers). More details about this process can be found in Dewan (1981), Woodman and Rastogi (1984), and Hocking (1991Hocking ( , 1999, among others. This understanding of turbulent diffusion has been developed, in part, due to the contributions of radar observations which offer one of the best tools to implement calculations of diffusion in this manner, as described by Woodman and Rastogi (1984).…”

Section: Large-scale Studies (>100m)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of turbulence in the middle and lower atmosphere seen by and deduced from MF, HF and VHF radar, with special emphasis on small-scale features and anisotropy

Hocking

Röttger

2001

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. An overview of the turbulent structures seen by MF, HF and VHF radars in the troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere is presented, drawing on evidence from previous radar measurements, in situ studies, laboratory observations, observations at frequencies other than those under focus, and modeling studies. We are particularly interested in structures at scales less than one radar pulse length, and smaller than the beam width, and especially the degree of anisotropy of turbulence at these scales. Previous radar observations are especially important in regard to the degree of anisotropy, and we highlight the role that these studies have had in furthering our understanding in this area. The contrasts and similarities between the models of anisotropic turbulence and specular reflection are considered. The need for more intense studies of anisotropy at MF, HF and VHF is especially highlighted, since this is an area in which these radars can make important contributions to the understanding of atmospheric turbulence.

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“…FRITTS and RASTOGI (1985) have shown that convective breakdown seems to be the major cause, especially at high frequencies. DESAUBIES and SMITH (1982) have modelled the results of an ensemble of gravity waves adding together, and do indeed find that a random distribution of DEWAN (1981) and WOODMAN and RASTOGI, (1984). (a) A layer of turbulence forms at time t1 and constituents diffuse against their background gradient.…”

Section: A Closer Lookmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Middle Atmosphere Turbulence on Coupling between Atmospheric Regions

Hocking

1991

J. geomagn. geoelec

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Neutralatmosphere turbulence exists almost ubiquitously throughout the atmosphere up to heights of about 100 km, and then completely disappears above about 120 km altitude. It's importance in providing coupling in the lower regions of the atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere) is well known, but its importance for coupling between the middle atmosphere and ionosphere is not so well understood. In this review, we will concentrate on the role that turbulence plays in the coupling between the middle atmosphere and the low levels of the ionosphere. The discussion will include a review of some of the important principles of turbulence, as well as some of the unique features about middle atmospheric turbulence.A detailed collection of measurements of turbulent eddy diffusion coefficients will be presented, along with some warnings about how these data should be interpreted. The need to understand turbulence at a very fundamental level in order to apply measurements of such "diffusion coefficients" is stressed.

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Evaluation of effective eddy diffusive coefficients using radar observations of turbulence in the stratosphere

Cited by 75 publications

References 9 publications

Turbulence parameter estimations from high-resolution balloon temperature measurements of the MUTSI-2000 campaign

Turbulence parameter estimations from high-resolution balloon temperature measurements of the MUTSI-2000 campaign

The structure of turbulence in the middle and lower atmosphere seen by and deduced from MF, HF and VHF radar, with special emphasis on small-scale features and anisotropy

The Effects of Middle Atmosphere Turbulence on Coupling between Atmospheric Regions

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