Evaluation of Dyslipidemia with HbA1c levels in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes is a metabolic disease which has hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action. HbA1C is one of the most reliable test used for estimation of glycaemic index. Diabetes is often accompanied by undiagnosed dyslipidaemia, characterized by increased triglyceride level, decreased high-density lipoprotein levels and increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Diabetes is a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The purpose of this study was to correlate lipid parameters with different levels of HbA1c to assess dyslipidaemia with diabetic status. An observational study was conducted in biochemistry laboratory at Gandhi Hospital, Telangana.After informed consent, 5ml of venous blood sample was collected in plain tube and EDTA tube from diabetic and apparently non diabetic patients. Estimation of serum triglycerides was done by glycerol phosphate oxidase peroxidase, serum cholesterol by cholesterol oxidase method, serum HDL by direct clearance method in Beckmann Coulter AU 500 and HbA1c was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography in Bio-Rad D10.A total of 90 samples were divided into 3 groups according to their HbA1c results. Group 1 with HbA1c less than 5.6, Group 2 with HbA1c 5.6-7 and Group 3 with HbA1c more than 7.The present study showed no variation in the lipid profile in Group1 with HbA1c < 5.6. In Group 2 with HbA1c between 5.6-7, there was significant increase in LDL cholesterol. In Group 3 with HbA1c >7 there was marked increase in LDL, serum triglyceride. Hence we can conclude that dyslipidemia is increased in poor glycemic control and evaluation of HbA1c may also be used as a predictor of dyslipidaemia in diabetics.