Evaluation of dual release of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 and basic fibroblast growth factor with nerve conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration: An experimental study in mice

Abstract

Background The development of drug delivery systems has enabled the release of multiple bioactive molecules. The efficacy of nerve conduits coated with dual controlled release of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for peripheral nerve regeneration was investigated. Materials and methods Sixty‐two C57BL6 mice were used for peripheral nerve regeneration with a nerve conduit (inner diameter, 1 mm, and length, 7 mm) and an autograft. The mice were randomized into five groups based on the different repairs of nerve defects. In the group of repair with conduits alone (n = 9), a 5‐mm sciatic nerve defect was repaired by the nerve conduit. In the group of repair with conduits coated with bFGF (n = 10), SDF‐1 (n = 10), and SDF‐1/bFGF (n = 10), it was repaired by the nerve conduit with bFGF gelatin, SDF‐1 gelatin, and SDF‐1/bFGF gelatin, respectively. In the group of repair with autografts (n = 10), it was repaired by the resected nerve itself. The functional recovery, nerve regeneration, angiogenesis, and TGF‐β1 gene expression were assessed. Results In the conduits coated with SDF‐1/bFGF group, the mean sciatic functional index value (−88.68 ± 10.64, p = .034) and the axon number (218.8 ± 111.1, p = .049) were significantly higher than the conduit alone group, followed by the autograft group; in addition, numerous CD34‐positive cells and micro vessels were observed. TGF‐β1 gene expression relative values in the conduits with SDF‐1/bFGF group at 3 days (7.99 ± 5.14, p = .049) significantly increased more than the conduits alone group. Conclusion Nerve conduits coated with dual controlled release of SDF‐1 and bFGF promoted peripheral nerve regeneration.

Chitosan Tubes Prefilled with Aligned Fibrin Nanofiber Hydrogel Enhance Facial Nerve Regeneration in Rabbits

“…Autografts are regarded as the gold standard for repairing nerve defects in most clinical cases but suffer from several issues, including lack of host sources, potential cross-infection, requirements of additional surgery, lengthy operation times, as well as mismatches in donor–recipient nerve length/diameter. , Novel approaches for facial nerve defect repair with similar performance to autografts but fewer associated issues are therefore required . Artificial nerve conduits play an increasingly important role in nerve repair. , Many strategies have been adopted for the fabrication of effective nerve conduits, such as conditioning with bioactive molecules for release or development of biomimetic platforms. − However, while conduits are useful for bridging the defects, the functional regeneration is typically extremely limited . Therefore, various studies have strived to find suitable fillings for nerve conduits to improve the functional regeneration following nerve injuries, such as collagen fibers, phosphate-glass fiber bundles, agarose, spongy matrix, and scaffolds .…”

Long-term survival of transplanted induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurospheres with nerve conduit into sciatic nerve defects in immunosuppressed mice

“…The nerve conduit (outer diameter: 2 mm; inner diameter: 1 mm; length: 7 mm) used in this study was identical to those used for the treatment of sciatic nerve defects in our previous studies, which showed consistent axonal regeneration [ [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , 17 ] ( Fig. 1 ).…”

“…Male C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks old, n=3), used as non-immunosuppressed mice, and NOD/SCID mice (6 weeks old, n=3), used as highly immunosuppressed mice, were purchased from Japan SLC (Hamamatsu, Japan) and housed in an air-conditioned room with free access to food and water. Complete 5-mm long defects were created in the left sciatic nerves of each mouse and reconstructed using nerve conduits coated with iPSC-derived neurospheres labeled with the ff Luc [ [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , 17 ] ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Biomaterial-Based bFGF Delivery for Nerve Repair

“…The mixture of bFGF gelatin and SDF-1 gelatin was injected into the nerve conduit. The result showed that the continuous release of bFGF and SDF-1 effectively promoted nerve repair [ 76 ]. To conclude, the delivery of biomaterial-based bFGF and other trophic factors is a popular method to repair nerve injury.…”