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Abstract:Background: Continuous long-term electrocardiography monitoring has been increasingly recognized for early diagnosis and management of different types of cardiovascular diseases. To find an alternative to Ag/AgCl gel electrodes that are improper for this application scenario, many efforts have been undertaken to develop novel flexible dry textile electrodes integrated into the everyday garments. With significant progresses made to address the potential issues (e.g., low signal to noise ratio, high skin-electro… Show more
“…For a more details, look into the range of frequencies assessed (1, 10, 100, 1 K, and 10 KHz) and please refer to our prior study. 44 During impedance testing, coatings 9 and 10 were found to be abrasive and uncomfortable for the skin. As a result, these coatings did not advance to phase 3.Figure 5.Mean relative signal-to-noise ratio (rSNR).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The process flow detailing material selection for the electrodes in this study can be found in a prior study by the same team, assessing the electrode properties on an agar skin model. 44 Knitted electrodes were tested with and without screen-printed polymer coating. Knitted electrodes were produced using an 18-gauge flatbed knitting machine (CMS-ADF, Stoll, Germany) using either 200 denier silver or 640 denier carbon yarn.…”
Introduction In recent years, electromyography (EMG) has been increasingly studied for wearable applications. Conventional gel electrodes for electrophysiological recordings have limited use in everyday applications such as prosthetic control or muscular therapy at home. This study investigates the efficacy and feasibility of dry-contact electrode materials employed in smart textiles for EMG recordings. Methods Dry-contact electrode materials were selected and implemented on textile substrates. Using these electrodes, EMG was recorded from the forearm of able-bodied subjects. 25% and 50% isometric maximum voluntary contractions were captured. A comparative investigation was performed against gel electrodes, assessing the effect of material properties on signal fidelity and strength compared. Results When isolating for electrode surface area and pressure, 31 of the 40 materials demonstrated strong positive correlations in their mean PSD with gel electrodes (r > 95, p < 0.001). The inclusion of ionic liquids in the material composition, and using raised or flat electrodes, did not demonstrate a significant effect in signal quality. Conclusions For EMG dry-contact electrodes, comparing the performance against gel electrodes for the application with the selected material is important. Other factors recommended to be studied are electrodes’ durability and long-term stability.
“…For a more details, look into the range of frequencies assessed (1, 10, 100, 1 K, and 10 KHz) and please refer to our prior study. 44 During impedance testing, coatings 9 and 10 were found to be abrasive and uncomfortable for the skin. As a result, these coatings did not advance to phase 3.Figure 5.Mean relative signal-to-noise ratio (rSNR).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The process flow detailing material selection for the electrodes in this study can be found in a prior study by the same team, assessing the electrode properties on an agar skin model. 44 Knitted electrodes were tested with and without screen-printed polymer coating. Knitted electrodes were produced using an 18-gauge flatbed knitting machine (CMS-ADF, Stoll, Germany) using either 200 denier silver or 640 denier carbon yarn.…”
Introduction In recent years, electromyography (EMG) has been increasingly studied for wearable applications. Conventional gel electrodes for electrophysiological recordings have limited use in everyday applications such as prosthetic control or muscular therapy at home. This study investigates the efficacy and feasibility of dry-contact electrode materials employed in smart textiles for EMG recordings. Methods Dry-contact electrode materials were selected and implemented on textile substrates. Using these electrodes, EMG was recorded from the forearm of able-bodied subjects. 25% and 50% isometric maximum voluntary contractions were captured. A comparative investigation was performed against gel electrodes, assessing the effect of material properties on signal fidelity and strength compared. Results When isolating for electrode surface area and pressure, 31 of the 40 materials demonstrated strong positive correlations in their mean PSD with gel electrodes (r > 95, p < 0.001). The inclusion of ionic liquids in the material composition, and using raised or flat electrodes, did not demonstrate a significant effect in signal quality. Conclusions For EMG dry-contact electrodes, comparing the performance against gel electrodes for the application with the selected material is important. Other factors recommended to be studied are electrodes’ durability and long-term stability.
“…However, low resistance is not the only criteria for an electrode to perform better during ECG signal recording and it is unknown if the ECG signal depends only on low skin-electrode impedance 18,57 . The braided electrodes were mounted on the skin without controlling the adhesion force and might have different skin contact pressure contributing to unwanted noise during ECG recording and differences in SNR was observed.…”
Skin-mounted wearable electronics are attractive for continuous health monitoring and human-machine interfacing. The commonly used pre-gelled rigid and bulky electrodes cause discomfort and are unsuitable for continuous long-term monitoring applications. Here, we design carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based electrodes that can be fabricated using different textile manufacturing processes. We propose woven and braided electrode design using CNTs wrapped textile yarns which are highly conformable to skin and measure a high-fidelity electrocardiography (ECG) signal. The skin-electrode impedance analysis revealed size-dependent behavior. To demonstrate outstanding wearability, we designed a seamless knit electrode that can be worn as a bracelet. The designed CNT-based dry electrodes demonstrated record high signal-to-noise ratios and were very stable against motion artifacts. The durability test of the electrodes exhibited robustness to laundering and practicality for reusable and sustainable applications.
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