Evaluation of dry heat as a postharvest disinfestation treatment for persimmons

Cowley, J. M.; Chadfield, K. D.; Baker, R. T.

doi:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421917

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Tetranychus urticae have been found to be the most thermotolerant pest of persimmons in other heat treatments (Cowley et al, 1992), and in dry air treatments there has been some indication that the diapausing form is more thermotolerant than the non-diapausing form (Waddell & Birtles, 1992). Our aim in this study was to determine the time necessary to achieve 99% mortality of diapausing and non-diapausing T. urticae on persimmons (Diospyros kaki L.; cv 'Fuyu'), in hot water with temperatures ranging from 44 C to 54 C. The effect of time in diapause and coolstorage after hot water treatment on the mortality response of T. urticae was also examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest disinfestation of diapausing and non‐diapausing twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on persimmons: hot water immersion and coolstorage

Lester

Dentener

Bennett

et al. 1997

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The mortality response of diapausing and non‐diapausing twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on persimmons to hot water immersion treatments between 44 and 54 °C was examined, for potential as a quarantine treatment. The mean immersion time for mean 99% mortality (LT99) of diapausing mites at 44 °C was 211 min, and this time decreased with increasing temperature to 3.6 min at 54 °C. Non‐diapausing mites were found to be less tolerant to temperatures below 48 °C, with an estimated LT99 of 102 min at 44 °C, but had similar thermotolerance above 48 °C. In 47 °C water the immersion time required to kill 99% of diapausing mites was estimated at 67 min. This time was not reduced by subsequent coolstorage at 0 °C for up to eight weeks. Rather, coolstorage had the effect of keeping mites alive, relative to LT99 estimates calculated for mites stored at 20 °C. Similarly the thermotolerance of mites did not change with increased time in diapause, even though mites in diapause for 12 weeks had high control mortality. Hot water immersion appears to be a potentially useful disinfestation method for persimmons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest disinfestation of diapausing and non‐diapausing twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on persimmons: hot water immersion and coolstorage

Lester

Dentener

Bennett

et al. 1997

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Females that developed from heat-treated eggs or larvae laid only a few eggs and those from other treated life stages laid fewer eggs with increasing temperature and exposure time (Figure 2). Heat treatment has been used or trialled for killing insects (e.g., Cowley et al 1992;Dentener et al 1997;Jessup et al 1998;Jacobi et al 2001;Hara 2013;Macana & Baik 2018) and mites (Waddell & Birtles 1992;Waddell et al 1993;Gotoh et al 2013) on postharvest products. In T. ludeni, the egg stage was the least tolerant to air heat with all eggs killed at 51C within three hours (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat treatment has been widely used as a non-chemical disinfestation measure for postharvest crops (e.g., Cowley et al 1992;Waddell et al 1993;Jessup et al 1998;Jacobi et al 2001;Macana & Baik 2018). In invertebrates, particularly insects and mites, response to high temperature and exposure duration varies among species (Bertelsmeier et al 2015;Gray 2017;Kingsolver et al 2021) as well as among life stages within species (Heather et al 2002;Kingsolver et al 2011;Gotoh et al 2013;Chiu et al 2014;Hsu et al 2018;Yao et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermotolerance in a spider mite: implications in disinfestation treatment

Ristyadi

Wang

2022

saa

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Tetranychus ludeni Zacher is a European spider mite species and an important invasive pest in horticulture. We investigated the effects of hot air on its survival and reproduction, providing knowledge for development of disinfestation programs using heat. We tested how each life stage responded to heat treatments of five air temperatures (45 to 57°C) and five exposure durations (three to 15 hours). We showed that no eggs hatched after exposed to 45°C for ≥ 15 hours, 48°C for ≥ 12 hours, or 51°C for three hours; no adults survived 51°C or 54°C for ≥12 hours or 57°C for ≥ six hours, and heat tolerance of other life stages fell in between. Higher temperature and longer exposure time also reduced developmental success and fecundity. These findings suggest that we may be able to eradicate the mites of all stages using one hot air treatment at 57°C for six hours or two treatments at 51°C for three hours at a 10-day interval to kill all eggs in the first treatment and those laid by survived adults in the second. The eradication strategy using hot air of 51–57°C may be more suitable for treating plant residues on exported/imported machinery, farm equipment and containers because it may have negative impact on fresh postharvest products. With the knowledge that exposure to 45°C substantially reduced the mites’ fecundity, particularly when the younger stages were treated, we suggest that heat treatment of fresh postharvest products with 45°C could still greatly reduce the quarantine risk of this pest.

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“…These treatments have been used mainly against fruit flies. However, forced hot air at 47 °C, 55-60 % RH for 15 min was used to kill different pests, including the greenhouse thrips Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché), in Japanese persimmon (Cowley et al, 1992). Although these techniques could be used against E. orientalis, there are no references supporting this use.…”

Section: Heated Air Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Eutetranychus orientalis Klein in the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

2013

EFS2

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The Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest risk assessment for Eutetranychus orientalis in the European Union (EU) and evaluated the effectiveness of phytosanitary measures in Council Directive 2000/29/EC. Entry through the plants for planting pathway is assessed as very likely, while entry through other pathways is estimated as moderately likely to unlikely owing to the different probability of transfer to a suitable host. Establishment is rated as very likely in Mediterranean areas and from moderately likely to unlikely in non-Mediterranean areas, because of unfavourable environmental conditions. Spread is rated as very likely because of the many ways the pest can spread, its polyphagy and the wide distribution of hosts. Impact is rated as minor, with an expected increase in the damage when populations of natural enemies are severely affected by control measures and/or when environmental conditions are stressful for the host. However, the lack of information resulted in an overall medium level of uncertainty. The Panel evaluated the effectiveness of current EU phytosanitary measures and concluded that the removal of E. orientalis from Annex IIAII would not affect its probability of entry, because the importation from Third countries of some host plants regulated for this pest (Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus species and their hybrids) is prohibited in Annex III. However, spread could be affected since there would no longer be a requirement to inspect for this pest before issuing a plant passport (Annex V). However, since the regulated Rutaceae species constitute an extremely small proportion of the potential host plants of E. orientalis, the current phytosanitary measures are mostly ineffective in preventing further introduction and spread of E. orientalis in the EU. The Panel identified surveillance at the production site and treatment of the consignment as the most effective and technically feasible risk reduction options, particularly when applied together.

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Evaluation of dry heat as a postharvest disinfestation treatment for persimmons

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Postharvest disinfestation of diapausing and non‐diapausing twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on persimmons: hot water immersion and coolstorage

Postharvest disinfestation of diapausing and non‐diapausing twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on persimmons: hot water immersion and coolstorage

Thermotolerance in a spider mite: implications in disinfestation treatment

Scientific Opinion on the risk to plant health posed by Eutetranychus orientalis Klein in the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

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