Evaluation of Drought – Review of Drought Indices and their Application in the Recent Studies from Slovakia

Hološ, Slavomír; Šurda, Peter

doi:10.2478/ahr-2021-0015

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Agriculture is one of the most important industries. In Europe, we observe increasingly frequent droughts (Ionita and Nagavciuc, 2021;Hološ and Šurda, 2021) alternating with extreme rainfall (Zittis et al, 2021), which affects crop yields (Harsányi et al, 2021). Meteorological and agricultural droughts have been considered by many authors (Karamuz et al, 2021;Łabędzki, 2015;Rimkus et al, 2020), but they defined drought mostly by drought indices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in the Nitra River Basin in 2014–2020

Kišš¹,

Tárník²,

Čimo³

2022

ASP.FC

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Aim of the study: Droughts are one of the more costly natural hazards on a year-to-year basis. Their impacts are significant and widespread, affecting many economic sectors and people at any one time (WMO & GWP, 2016). In our paper we will focus on the comparison of meteorological drought (precipitation) and agricultural drought (available soil water) in the Nitra River basin, Slovakia. Material and methods: Data from the Nitra River Basin were provided from the meteorological stations (Svinná, Bystričany, Solčany, Veľké Ripňany, Jelenec and Pribeta ) of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The meteorological drought is defined as a period with no precipitation (Petrovič, 1960). Agricultural drought was determined as the value below the amount of water storage in the soil profile (0.20 m) accessible to plants. Results and conclusions: We focused on the comparison of meteorological drought and the number of days with both type of drought is from year 2014 increasing. The worst year was 2018 in every meteorological station, when the agricultural drought was with short interruptions from sprig to winter. This trend can also be seen in the countries neighbouring Slovakia - Poland, Hungary or Czech Republic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in the Nitra River Basin in 2014–2020

Kišš¹,

Tárník²,

Čimo³

2022

ASP.FC

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“…Wildfire activity, number of fires, area burned, and fire severity, has increased in many areas of the world in recent decades (Abatzoglou et al, 2013;Reilly et al, 2017;Hološ and Šurda, 2021). These rising trends are projected to continue in some regions due to climate change, increasing population, and fire suppression activities (Flannigan et al, 2013;Moritz et al, 2012;Novák, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different fire temperatures on the water repellency parameters of forest sandy soil under different types of vegetation

Zvala¹,

Šurda²,

Hološ³

2022

AHS

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Soil under specific tree forest species (e.g. pines) can be naturally water repellent. Forest fire can strengthen or destroy soil water repellency (SWR). Fire induced SWR have many direct or indirect effects, including increased preferential flow rate and risk of ground water contamination, increased surface runoff and soil erosion, increased amount of carbon stored in soil, reduced levels of seed germination and plant growth. Understanding the post-fire hydrologic response of forest soil is paramount for effective risk management and mitigation of post-fire hydrologic hazards. Three experimental sites were located in the Borská nížina lowland (southwestern Slovakia). Eolian (wind-blown) sand dunes form the central part of the Borská nížina lowland, which make it a specific region within Central Europe. Pines have been planted here for sand dune stabilization since the 18th century and today cover a huge part of the lowland. The first site IL1 represent 100-years-old stand of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), the second site IL2 is a 30-years-old stand of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and the third site LL is a deciduous stand with a predominance of alder (Alnus glutinosa). The disturbed mineral soil samples were taken from 2.5-5.0 cm depth of soil horizon. The organic horizon (0-2.5 cm) was sampled separately before mineral soil. In the laboratory, the samples from each site in 5 replicates were placed into a muffle furnace and exposed to a temperature from 50 to 900°C. The persistence of SWR in soil samples was measured using the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test. Our goal was to quantify the changes of SWR of the naturally water repellent soil induced by different fire temperatures under age and species different forest stands. Forest stands were selected to include different vegetation age and type of litter (surface organic horizon) under the relatively same site conditions (climate, soil and relief conditions). The measured values of natural background water repellency decreased in order IL1>IL2>LL. The highest value of induced SWR (WDPTmax) was measured at IL1 and further declined in the order LL˃IL2; however increase of SWR after heating, estimated as a difference between maximal induced and natural SWR had different trend (LL>IL2˃IL1). Mean value of parameter WDPTmax-WDPTn at IL1 was statistically different from values estimated at sites IL2 resp. LL. The changes in natural and induced SWR that we have found may be attributed partially to the quantity and to the origin of organic material (litter of the plant communities with different age and composition of the species).

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“…From a disciplinary perspective, four drought types are usually defined: meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socio-economic drought [11,12]. Hence, drought is a complex phenomenon, and even if it is closely related to lack of water in the ground, it is not directly measurable by a single physical variable [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large collection of these indices, classified according to the degree of difficulty of application, is reported in the Handbook of Drought Indicators and Indices [14]. Widely used indices for meteorological and agricultural droughts are described in [13,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Water Stress Conditions in Central Italy by the Use of Ground and Remotely Sensed Weather Datasets

Pieri

Chiesi

Fibbi

et al. 2022

Water

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Aridity and drought, which are determined by climatic and temporary water scarcity, respectively, are important limiting factors for plant gross primary production. These phenomena are commonly assessed and/or monitored by means of weather indices, most of which are based on observations of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The estimation of such indices over large areas can be carried out using multiple datasets, i.e., those derived from weather stations, satellite images, and ground radars. The possibility of using interpolated or remotely sensed datasets in place of ground measurements was currently investigated for Tuscany, a region in Central Italy, showing complex and heterogeneous environmental features. The former weather datasets were first evaluated versus corresponding ground measurements. Next, the basic weather variables were combined and cumulated over 30–60 days to yield synthetic indicators of water deficit, which were assessed in the same way. Finally, these indicators were evaluated to predict the soil water conditions of a meadow and an olive grove during the 2021 summer period. The results obtained indicate that the use of the multi-source weather datasets induces only a minor deterioration of the water stress indicators and is therefore efficient to monitor the water status of different ecosystems with high spatial (200 m) and temporal (daily) details.

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Evaluation of Drought – Review of Drought Indices and their Application in the Recent Studies from Slovakia

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

Comparison of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in the Nitra River Basin in 2014–2020

Comparison of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought in the Nitra River Basin in 2014–2020

The effect of different fire temperatures on the water repellency parameters of forest sandy soil under different types of vegetation

Assessment of Water Stress Conditions in Central Italy by the Use of Ground and Remotely Sensed Weather Datasets

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