Evaluation of dose–response relationship between smoking load and cardiopulmonary fitness in adult smokers: A cross-sectional study

Lauria, Vinícius Tonon; Sperandio, Evandro Fornias; Sousa, Thiago Luís Wanderley de; Vieira, Wesley de Oliveira; Romiti, Marcello; Gagliardi, Antônio; Arantes, Rodolfo Leite; Dourado, Victor Zuniga

doi:10.1016/j.rppnen.2016.11.007

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Other metabolic derangements with a potential to impact on physical performance include: An appreciable (10%) increase in energy expenditure at rest compared to nonsmoking subjects (Hofstetter et al, 1986), impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca ++ uptake in myofibres (Nogueira et al, 2018), and impaired insulin-dependent glycogen recovery from exercise (Jensen et al, 1995). An early lactate threshold might be the final consequence of these bioenergetic derangements in association with chronically low levels of muscle activation, i.e., sedentarism (Miyatake et al, 2011; Lauria et al, 2017).…”

Section: Peripheral Muscular Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary and Muscular Interactions: Potential Implications for Exercise (In)tolerance in Symptomatic Smokers Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

et al. 2019

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Smoking and physical inactivity are important preventable causes of disability and early death worldwide. Reduced exercise tolerance has been described in smokers, even in those who do not fulfill the extant physiological criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are not particularly sedentary. In this context, it is widely accepted that exercise capacity depends on complex cardio-pulmonary interactions which support oxygen (O 2 ) delivery to muscle mitochondria. Although peripheral muscular factors, O 2 transport disturbances (including the effects of increased carboxyhemoglobin) and autonomic nervous system unbalance have been emphasized, other derangements have been more recently described, including early microscopic emphysema, pulmonary microvascular disease, ventilatory and gas exchange inefficiency, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Using an integrative physiological approach, the present review summarizes the recent advances in knowledge on the effects of smoking on the lung-heart-muscle axis under the stress of exercise. Special attention is given to the mechanisms connecting physiological abnormalities such as early cardio-pulmonary derangements, inadequate oxygen delivery and utilization, and generalized bioenergetic disturbances at the muscular level with the negative sensations (sense of heightened muscle effort and breathlessness) that may decrease the tolerance of smokers to physical exercise. A deeper understanding of the systemic effects of smoking in subjects who did not (yet) show evidences of COPD and ischemic heart disease – two devastating smoking related diseases – might prove instrumental to fight their ever-growing burden.

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Section: Peripheral Muscular Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary and Muscular Interactions: Potential Implications for Exercise (In)tolerance in Symptomatic Smokers Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

et al. 2019

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“…Borba et al 18 found a similar statistically significant reduction in VO 2 /kg in current and second-hand smokers compared to non-smokers. In another study found similar results and showed that in smokers, cardiorespiratory fitness is reduced regardless of the smoking load, thus is possible that the cessation of smoking can be used to prevent the reduction of cardiorespiratory fitness 19 . Additionally, in the same study the smoking was also related to other cardiovascular risk factors 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Prevalence of exercise intolerance in obese adults undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing

Matheus

Sperandio

Lauria

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum.

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We hypothesized that the prevalence of exercise intolerance (EI, peak O2 uptake < 83%pred.) is not significantly affected by body mass index (BMI) in adults undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of EI and the influence of BMI in asymptomatic adults. The results of 780 adults (age 41 ± 13 years) who underwent CPET were evaluated. Participants were stratified according to BMI: normal weight (n = 227), overweight (n = 198), and obese class 1 (n = 155), 2 (n = 131), and 3 (n = 69). After cardiovascular risk assessment, the participants underwent CPET on a treadmill ramp protocol. The prevalence of EI was 20, 16, 21, 25, and 21% in the stratified groups respectively, and no significant differences were found. Predictors of EI were physical inactivity, age, and smoking. The prevalence of EI in asymptomatic adults is considerable, regardless of BMI. The obesity-related reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness seems to be as clinically relevant as in non-obese counterparts.

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“…Fourth, despite our efforts to appropriately match the PAD + CAD group with the two control groups, these patients still had a significantly higher prevalence of smoking, a factor which might have affected our results. Nevertheless, the magnitude of difference in oxygen consumption, oxygen pulse [ 40 , 41 , 42 ] and certainly in diastolic dysfunction and chronotropic incompetence cannot be attributed to smoking alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Effort Intolerance in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Combined Stress Echocardiography and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

Ghantous,

Shetrit,

Erez

et al. 2023

JCM

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Aim: We used a combined stress echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to explore effort intolerance in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. Methods: Twenty-three patients who had both PAD and coronary artery disease (CAD) were compared with twenty-four sex- and age-matched CAD patients and fifteen normal controls using a symptom-limited ramp bicycle CPET on a tilting dedicated ergometer. Echocardiographic images were obtained concurrently with gas exchange measurements along predefined stages of exercise. Oxygen extraction was calculated using the Fick equation at each activity level. Results: Along the stages of exercise (unloaded; anaerobic threshold; peak), in PAD + CAD patients compared with CAD or controls, diastolic function worsened (p = 0.051 and p = 0.013, respectively), and oxygen consumption (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and oxygen pulse (p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0027, respectively) were reduced. Notably, oxygen pulse was blunted due to an insufficient increase in both stroke volume (p = 0.025 and p = 0.028, respectively) and peripheral oxygen extraction (p = 0.031 and p = 0.038, respectively). Chronotropic incompetence was more prevalent in PAD patients and persisted after correction for beta-blocker use (62% vs. 42% and 11%, respectively). Conclusions: In PAD patients, exercise limitation is associated with diastolic dysfunction, chronotropic incompetence and peripheral factors.

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Evaluation of dose–response relationship between smoking load and cardiopulmonary fitness in adult smokers: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Cardiopulmonary and Muscular Interactions: Potential Implications for Exercise (In)tolerance in Symptomatic Smokers Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Cardiopulmonary and Muscular Interactions: Potential Implications for Exercise (In)tolerance in Symptomatic Smokers Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Prevalence of exercise intolerance in obese adults undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing

The Mechanism of Effort Intolerance in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Combined Stress Echocardiography and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

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