Evaluation of dosages and routes of administration of tramadol analgesia in rats using hot-plate and tail-flick tests

Cannon, Coralie Zegre; Kissling, Grace E.; Hoenerhoff, Mark J.; King-Herbert, Angela; Blankenship-Paris, Terry L

doi:10.1038/laban1110-342

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The dosage, route and administration time were established according to the previous studies (Cannon et al, 2010). The evaluation of pain was done across at the time 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours postsurgery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Rat Grimace Scale Method in Postoperative Pain Management in Rats

Dreanca¹,

Bel²,

Sevastre³

et al. 2017

BUASVMCN-VM

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Nowadays, 3R (replacement, reduction, refinement) concept lies in the core of laboratory animals science, one of the most important refinement strategies being the pain control. Rat Grimace Scale (RGS) is an actual and effective method used to assess pain in laboratory animals. The purpose of this study was to find the most effective post surgery analgesic protocol, by grading the changes in the animal's facial expression. In the present study we used 5 Wistar rats, one as control and four animals subjected to ovariectomy. Tramadol was administrated subcutaneously as it follows: 1 rat in pre-surgery dose of 25 mg/kg, 2 rats in post-surgery a dose of 25 mg/kg and respectively 50 mg/kg. The evaluation of pain was done across at the time 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-surgery using the scores of 0, 1 and 2, 0 representing the absence of pain, 1 a moderate level of pain and 2 a high level of pain. The results of the study revealed that the spayed rat without Tramadol presented the highest level of pain (1.25 -1.75). The pre-surgery analgesia enhanced the narcosis effect, but analgesia had a short term effect, with a moderate to high level of pain (1 -1.5). To the animal treated with a dose of 25 mg/kg post-surgery, a moderate pain level was observed (0.5 -1.25) and to the animal with the highest dose an optimal analgesia was determined (0.25). The expected analgesic effect was put forward by the 50 mg/kg dose of Tramadol and the RGS method was found to be suitable for the assessment of animal suffering in surgical experimental procedures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Rat Grimace Scale Method in Postoperative Pain Management in Rats

Dreanca¹,

Bel²,

Sevastre³

et al. 2017

BUASVMCN-VM

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“…The tramadol dose was selected on the basis of several published reports of its effective use in several invasive surgical models in rats [5], [9]. Considering that thoracic pain is one of the most acute among several surgical insults, we chose 45 mg/kg, the highest dose published [8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which veterinarians prescribe as a supportive analgesic for various painful conditions, including surgery [1]. Tramadol is an opioid-like analgesic with a potent analgesic effects [5]. The goal was to establish which of the three approaches may reduce post-surgical pain and to apply the principle of Reduction to our experimental protocol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat Experimental Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: An Ethical Approach to Set up the Analgesic Management of Acute Post-Surgical Pain

et al. 2014

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RationaleDuring the past 30 years, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rodents became one of the most commonly used model in cardiovascular research. Appropriate pain-prevention appears critical since it may influence the outcome and the results obtained with this model. However, there are no proper guidelines for pain management in rats undergoing thoracic surgery. Accordingly, we evaluated three analgesic regimens in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study was strongly focused on 3R’s ethic principles, in particular the principle of Reduction.MethodsRats undergoing surgery were treated with pre-surgical tramadol (45 mg/kg intra-peritoneal), or carprofen (5 mg/kg sub-cutaneous), or with pre-surgical administration of carprofen followed by 2 post-surgery tramadol injections (multi-modal group). We assessed behavioral signs of pain and made a subjective evaluation of stress and suffering one and two hours after surgery.ResultsMulti-modal treatment significantly reduced the number of signs of pain compared to carprofen alone at both the first hour (61±42 vs 123±47; p<0.05) and the second hour (43±21 vs 74±24; p<0.05) post-surgery. Tramadol alone appeared as effective as multi-modal treatment during the first hour, but signs of pain significantly increased one hour later (from 66±72 to 151±86, p<0.05). Carprofen alone was more effective at the second hour post-surgery when signs of pain reduced to 74±24 from 113±40 in the first hour (p<0.05). Stress behaviors during the second hour were observed in only 20% of rats in the multimodal group compared to 75% and 86% in the carprofen and tramadol groups, respectively (p<0.05).ConclusionsMulti-modal treatment with carprofen and tramadol was more effective in preventing pain during the second hour after surgery compared with both tramadol or carprofen. Our results suggest that the combination of carprofen and tramadol represent the best therapy to prevent animal pain after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. We obtained our results accordingly with the ethical principle of Reduction.

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“…A study conducted on Sprague Dawley rats showed that 60 min after i.p. administration of 12.5 mg/kg tramadol increased latency in the hot plate test, whereas greater doses (25 and 50 mg/kg) caused sedation and affected motor function (Cannon et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Evaluation of the effects of tramadol on analgesic response and locomotor activity on two different strains of laboratory mice

Symeon

Polissidis

Balafas

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Analgesia of laboratory animals consists an important component in experimental studies where painful stimuli or procedures may take place. When choosing analgesics, the severity of pain along with the response to medication is among the factors that determine the choice of agent. Tramadol is a known synthetic opioid analgesic used to treat main acute or chronic pain including perioperative pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic response as well as the effect on locomotor activity in two different strains of mice after the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of tramadol. Subjects were 11-13 week-old male C57BL/6J (n=39) and BALB/cJ (n=38) mice, randomly assigned to receive either saline, tramadol 10 mg/kg or tramadol 40 mg/kg. Analgesia was measured using the hot-plate test, 30 or 60 minutes after drug administration while the open field test was used in order to assess locomotor activity. Both strains exhibited a significant increase of hot-plate latencies after administration of tramadol 40 mg/kg while the same dose induced significantly greater analgesia in BALB/cJ as compared with the C57BL/6J mice. BALB/cJ mice presented a dose-dependent decrease in locomotor activity following tramadol administration whereas C57BL/6J mice receiving 40 mg/kg tramadol showed hyperactivity. In conclusion, the lower dose of tramadol (10 mg/kg) has insufficient antinociceptive effects on acute thermal pain for both strains. The highest dose of tramadol used in this study (40 mg/kg) was greater than the one required for BALB/cJ mice, as they were under sedation for at least 60 minutes after drug administration. The same dose of tramadol appeared to be effective on C57BL/6J tramamice as latency times on the hot plate were significantly increased. Despite this fact, it is not a suitable choice as an analgesic, especially postoperatively, as it causes hyperactivity to this strain. Special concern should be given to the fact that tramadol’s analgesic and behavioral effects depend not only on its dosage, but also on the strain in which it is administered.

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Evaluation of dosages and routes of administration of tramadol analgesia in rats using hot-plate and tail-flick tests

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Applications of Rat Grimace Scale Method in Postoperative Pain Management in Rats

Applications of Rat Grimace Scale Method in Postoperative Pain Management in Rats

Rat Experimental Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: An Ethical Approach to Set up the Analgesic Management of Acute Post-Surgical Pain

Evaluation of the effects of tramadol on analgesic response and locomotor activity on two different strains of laboratory mice

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